Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SA Therio > Overview of Canine Therio > Flashcards

Overview of Canine Therio Flashcards

1
Q

Canine estrous cycle time period

A
  • They do not have seasonal variation

- Will occur year round

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Feline estrous cycle time period

A
  • Long day breeders

- They will go in and out of estrus during

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Breeding for profit

A
  • Most responsible breeders don’t make money
  • Value of a single puppy may be quite high, but net income is not great
  • Hard to make money from breeding just one litter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reproductive services

A
  • Contraception (surgical and non-surgical
  • Effects of age at time of surgical sterilization
  • Wellness care
  • Consultation on nutrition and husbandry
  • Consult for equipment and facilities
  • Consult for genetics
  • Breeding soundness exam
  • Breeding management ans assisted breeding
  • Compliance with government regulations
  • Preg termination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Effect of GnRH

A
  • Stimulate LH and FSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Effect of E2 on LH and FSH

A
  • Negative feedback for LH and FSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What produces estrogen?

A
  • Follicle on an ovary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effect of Estrogen on GnRH

A
  • Positive feedback
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Estrous cycle

A
  • be able to draw the picture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Season or seasons

A
  • Estrous cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anestrus lay term

A

Between heats, not in season

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proestrus lay term

A
  • Coming into heat, coming in, pre-standing heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Estrus lay term

A
  • In season, in heat, in, standing heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diestrus lay term

A

Out of heat, out, going out of season

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What hormones are key during anestrus?

A
  • FSH (typically quite elevated)
  • GnRH (stimulates FSH and LH)
  • LH (going through phasic increases)
  • Control by hypothalamic pituitary ovary interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anestrus duration

A

2-5 months with a wider range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs during anestrus?

A

Time of uterine repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anestrus in relation to luteal/follicular period

A
  • Starts at the end of luteal period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Progesterone during anestrus

A

<1 ng/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

GnRH stimulation of LH and FSH during anestrus

A
  • From early to late anestrus, GnRH pulse frequency increases leading to production of both FSH and LH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

FSH role

A
  • key stimulator of follicular development
  • Increases LH receptors in granulosa cells in the ovary
  • LH then takes over for further follicle maturation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is FSH area under the curve greatest?

A
  • Late anestrus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens during proestrus?

A
  • Time of development and maturation of the follicle and oocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Duration of proestrus

A

9 days, but range from 3-14 days

25
Q

External signs of proestrus (keeping in mind that they are quite variable)

A
  • Swelling vulva
  • Serosanguinous vaginal discharge
  • vaginal mucosal thickening
  • Attraction of males
26
Q

Progesterone during proesterus

A
  • For majority of proestrus, will be <1 ng/mL

- Towards the end of proestrus, as you get to the LH surge, you will have an increase

27
Q

What happens during estrus?

A
  • Time of final oocyte maturation, ovulation, breeding receptivity, and conception
  • LH surge
  • Ovulation
  • Corpora lutea formation
28
Q

Average duration of estrus?

A

9 days average

  • Ranges from 3-14 days
29
Q

Observable characteristics of estrus (keeping in mind that it’s quite variable)

A
  • Decreasing vaginal discharge
  • reduced swelling and “softening” of vulva
  • Thickening edematous vaginal mucosa
  • Standing for breeding
30
Q

What happens to progesterone during estrus?

A
  • It increases (but doesn’t peak until diestrus) and drives formation of a corpora lutea that will persist throughout diestrus regardless of whether the dog becomes pregnant or not
31
Q

How many divisions has a canine oocyte undergone by time of ovulation?

A
  • One meiotic division

- At this point it is a primary oocyte

32
Q

How many divisions are required before fertilization can occur?

A
  • Two

- Primary oocyte must divide once more

33
Q

When do oocytes reach secondary state?

A
  • 2 days after ovulation
34
Q

When is the fertilization period for the dog?

A
  • Two days after ovulation and lasts about 2 days

- CAN be longer due to delayed oocyte degeneration

35
Q

Diestrus description

A

Luteal period occurring after every estrus

36
Q

How long does diestrus last?

A
  • 50 days on average, range 50-70 days
37
Q

Progesterone during diestrus

A
  • Functional corpora lutea produces progesterone
  • Unlike other species, bitch has serum progesterone levels during diestrus that will be quite similar regardless of whether she is pregnant or not
38
Q

Pseudocyesis - is it a disorder?

A
  • No

- It’s normal

39
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pseudocyesis?

A
  • Decline in progesterone leads to clinical signs in diestrus (mid to late)
  • Mammary gland development
  • Galactorrhea
  • Abdominal distension
  • nesting behavior
40
Q

What do pseudocyesis or elevated progesterone levels indicate?

A
  • Indicates ovulation plus development then deterioration of a corpus luteum
41
Q

Treatment of pseudocyesis

A
  • None normally
  • Do not need to spay or treat with hormones
  • Unless there is galactorrhea, in which case you can use a prolactin inhibitor or decrease nutritional intake
42
Q

Feline estrous cycle

A
  • Seasonally polyestrus
  • Long day breeder
  • Will respond to manipulation of the photoperiod
43
Q

When does ovulation occur in the feline?

A
  • Ovulation induced by mating

- Act of breeding causes a release of luteinizing hormoen?

44
Q

Where does progesterone come from during the feline estrous cycle?

A
  • Corpus lutea and possibly the feto-placental unit
45
Q

Superfecundation

A
  • Offspring from more than one sire can occur
46
Q

Superfetation

A
  • Offspring of different gestation lengths has been reported but not definitely confirmed in the cat
47
Q

Mating behavior in the queen

A
  • Female calls out, rolls around and exhibits estrus behavior
  • 20 sec to few minutes for male positioning
  • 1-30 seconds for intromission and ejaculation
  • Female may strike out after copulation
  • She will allow copulation again to get stimulation for luteinizing hormone surge
48
Q

What determines ovulations rate in the queen?

A
  • Mating frequency and duration of estrogen elevation
49
Q

Ovulation success after number of matings

A

60% after one mating

Up to 100% after mating 3x per day for 5 days

50
Q

External stimulation of ovulation in the queen

A
  • Vaginal stimulation with a glass rod or cotton swab can stimulate mating and induce ovulation
  • hCG or GnRH have been used to induce ovulation
51
Q

Female dog anatomy of the vagina

A
  • Make sure that you can draw it out and know what you will reach first
52
Q

Vaginal cytology use

A
  • Indirect indicator of serum estrogen level

- Vaginal cytology can be thought of as a semi-quantitative estrogen assay

53
Q

Vaginal mucosa cell thickness during diestrus and anestrus

A
  • 4-5 layers thick

- Estrogen is low

54
Q

Vaginal mucosa thickness during proestrus

A
  • 15-20 cells during estrus

- Estrogen is higher

55
Q

Late anestrus cytology

A
  • Higher number of parabasal cells
  • Not many RBCs or WBCs (unless another disease process is going on)
  • Lower number of intermediate and superficial cells
  • vulva is thin (4-5 layers)
56
Q

Proestrus cytology

A
  • Parabasal cells start to dwindle
  • Higher # of intermediate cells
  • By the end, starts to be more superficial cells (cornified)
  • Vulva is getting thicker
  • Higher number of RBCs at the end
57
Q

Estrus cytology

A
  • Higher number of RBCs then dwindles
  • Low number of parabasal cells
  • Fewer intermediate cells and majority superficial (cornified) cells
  • vulva is thickened and then dwindles by the end
58
Q

Diestrus cytology

A
  • Higher number of WBCs
  • Fewer RBCs
  • Parabasal cells pick up
  • Fewer intermediate and superficial cells
  • Thicker vulva

SA Therio (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions