Overview - Innate Immunity

Question 1

identify clusters of differentiation (CDs) for:
all T cells
helper T cells
cytotoxic T cells
B cells
NK cells

Answer 1

CD3+
CD4+
CD8+
CD19+
CD16+

Question 2

receptors on neutrophils

Answer 2

IFN-gamma, chemokines, TLRs, C’, mannose, scavenger, FR IgG

Question 3

receptors on macrophages

Answer 3

N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, Fc, C’, mannose, integrins, IFN-gamma, chemokines

Question 4

receptors on NK cells

Answer 4

IL-12, IL-15, type I IFNs
MHC class IR INHIBITORY

Question 5

what types of stimuli activate mast cells?

Answer 5

direct injury, chemicals, alcohols, certain antibiotics, cross-linking of IgERs, activated C’ proteins

Question 6

defensins are released from _____ to do _____

Answer 6

neutrophils, lymphocytes, Paneth cells, epithelial cells and keratinocytes
antimicrobial action (no parasites)

Question 7

toll-like receptors (TLRs) - ligands, response

Answer 7

gram-negative LPS, fungal mannans, viral envelope proteins, etc.
release of NF-kappaB

Question 8

describe the Rebuck skin window test and what it is used for

Answer 8

a small section of skin is abraded and a glass cover slip placed over the spot -> plate checked and swapped out every few hours to observe WBC response
used to determine normal/abnormal WBC response

Question 9

neutrophil ligands/receptors for diapedesis

Answer 9

neutrophil: LFA-1R, IL-8R
endothelium: ICAM-1, IL-8L (coming from macrophages)

Question 10

macrophage ligands/receptors for diapedesis

Answer 10

macrophage: VLA4(R), CCR2
endothelium: VCAM1(L), CCL2

Question 11

leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) - cause, effects

Answer 11

autosomal recessive
LAD I: beta chain of integrins deficient or defective (CD18)
delayed separation of umbilical cord, omphalitis
recurrent bacterial infxns, especially of skin
leukocytosis
periodontitis
impaired wound healing
absent pus formation