Overview and Basic Definitions Flashcards
1
Q
Main Parts of Nervous System
A
- CNS: brain and spinal cord; LMNs
- PNS: cranial and spinal nerves; LMNs
2
Q
Orientation
A
- above midbrain dorsal is superior, ventral is inferior, caudal is posterior and rostral is anterior
- below midbrain rostral is superior, caudal is inferior, dorsal is posterior, and ventral is anterior
3
Q
Planes of Body
A
- frontal/coronal: splits body into anterior and posterior
- transverse: splits body into inferior and superior
- sagittal splits body into right and left
4
Q
Tissues of Nervous System
A
- neuroglia: cells that are the glue or support cells
- neuron: nerve cell (basic units of signaling)
5
Q
CNS Gray Matter and White Matter
A
- white matter: nerve fibers (AXONS) and their myelin coverings
- gray matter: masses of cell bodies that contain pigments; cerebral cortex: surface of cerebral hemispheres covered by gray matter; also found in large cluster of cells called nuclei-basal ganglia, thalamus, and cranial nerve nuclei
6
Q
PNS Ganglia and Nerves
A
- nerves: axons in PNS form bundles called peripheral nerves (aka)
- ganglia: compact group of nerve cell bodies located in the PNS
7
Q
Tissues of Nervous System
A
- tracts: nerve fibers that course over a pathway and share similar connections and functions
- nuclei: islands in a white matter of a fairly compact group of nerve cell bodies with the CNS
8
Q
White Matter Pathways in CNS
A
- tract=fascicle=lemniscus=bundle
- commissure: white matter pathway that connects structures on R and L sides of CNS ex: corpus callosum
- afferent: carry signals toward a structure
- efferent: carry signals away from structure
9
Q
UMN vs. LMN
A
- UMN: projects from cortex down to spinal cord or brainstem
- LMN: project out of CNS via anterior spinal roots or via cranial nerves to reach muscle cells
- located in anterior horns of central gray matter of spinal cord or in brainstem motor nucleus
10
Q
Motor and Sensory Pathways
A
- motor systems: main motor pathway=corticospinal tract, cerebellum and basal ganglia
- somatosensory systems: main somatosensory pathways=posterior column pathways (proprioception, vibration sense, fine touch) and anterolateral pathways (pain, temperature and crude touch)
- thalamus: relay station
11
Q
Parts of Brain
A
- prosencephalon=forebrain, made up of telencephalon (cortex/hemispheres) and diencephalon (thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus)
- mesencephalon=midbrain (substantia nigra, red nucleus, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi)
- rhombencephalon made up of medencephalon and mylencephalon
- brainstem: pons, medulla, midbrain
- hindbrain: cerebellum, pons, medulla
12
Q
Cerebrum Lobes
A
- occipital
- parietal
- frontal
- temporal
- insula
13
Q
Cerebrum
A
- gyri: bumps/raised area, precentral gyrus is where primary motor cortex is, postcentral gyrus is where primary sensory cortex is, superior temporal gyrus: is auditory cortex
- sulci: depressions have central and lateral that are main ones
14
Q
PNS
A
- 12 pairs cranial nerves; pass through foramina or fissures in cranial cavity; all except accessory nerve originate from the brain
- 31 pairs spinal nerves with ventral and dorsal roots
15
Q
Spinal Cord Characteristics
A
- extends from foramen magnum to level of disc between L1 and L2 vertebrae
- distal end is conus medullaris
- filum terminale (coccygeal ligament-tethers cord down)
- 2 enlargements: cervical (C5-T1) and lumbar (L1-S3) where extremities are so more info happening here
