Overview + Anatomy

Question 1

Systemic circulation is arranged ___________

Answer 1

In parallel

Question 2

Why is it important that systemic circulation is in parallel?

Answer 2

1. Oxygenated blood visits only one organ before returning to pulmonary circultion, 2. Changes in blood flow to one organ doesnt affect other organs, 3. blood flow can be varied to match demand

Question 3

Which circulation does not run in parallel?

Answer 3

Hepatic- large fraction of hepatic blood is from intestines

Question 4

Layers of heart (from inside to outside)

Answer 4

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, Pericardium

Question 5

Which part of the CV system is arranged in series?

Answer 5

The left and right heart- No direct connection, thus output must be closely matched

Question 6

Which ventricle is thicker? Why?

Answer 6

Left- supplies higher pressure systemic circulation,does more work, uses more O2 than right.

Question 7

Tricuspid valve location

Answer 7

between right atrium & right ventricle

Question 8

Pulmonic valve location

Answer 8

between right ventricle & pulmonary artery

Question 9

Mitral valve location

Answer 9

between left atrium & left ventricle

Question 10

Aortic valve location

Answer 10

between left ventricle & aorta

Question 11

What valves attach to papillary muscles by chordae tendonae?

Answer 11

Tricuspid and mitral- prevents valves from prolapsing into atria during ventricular contraction

Question 12

What is a murmur?

Answer 12

Defective valves make unusual sounds

Question 13

What is regurgitation?

Answer 13

Minor leakage

Question 14

Describe the pathway of conduction in the heart

Answer 14

SA node (Wall of right atrium) > impulse spreads through atria by gap junctions > AV node (slows conduction to allow atrial contraction before ventricular) > Bundle of His > Left and right Bundle branches > Purkinje system (depolarizes ventricles)

Question 15

What is the intrinsic activity rate of SA node?

Answer 15

100bpm

Question 16

When does most coronary blood flow occur

Answer 16

Diastole- Compression of microvasculature occurs during systole

Question 17

Right and left coronary arteries arise from _________

Answer 17

root of aorta

Question 18

Left coronary artery bifurcates into _________ and _________, and it supplies ___________ and ___________

Answer 18

Left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery, supplies left atrium and left ventricle

Question 19

Right coronary artery supplies________

Answer 19

right atrium and ventricle, posterior part of left ventricle

Question 20

In general, coronary veins drain into ___________

Answer 20

coronary sinus (opens into right atrium near inferior vena cava)

Question 21

Describe the blood flow pathway through the heart

Answer 21

Deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation > superior & inferior venae cavae, > right atrium (no valve) > tricuspid valve >right ventricle >pulmonic valve >pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > Left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve >aorta.

Question 22

What are the layers of arterial walls (from inside to outside) and describe them

Answer 22

Tunica intima (single layer of endothelial cells) > Tunica media (innervated vascular smooth muscle) > tunica adventitia (connective tissue made of collagen and elastin)

Question 23

What is microcirculation and what is its function?

Answer 23

vasculature from the first-order arterioles to the venules. Site of gas, nutrient and waste exchange. Blood flow controlled by pressure gradient, constriction/dilation of arterioles and precapillary sphincters.