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CVPR > Arrhythmias > Flashcards

Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Normal sinus rate and normal PR interval

A

sinus rate= 60-100bpm. PR= 0.12-0.20

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2
Q

Requirements of normal sinus rhythm

A

P wave preceeds each QRS, with normal PR interval, rate is 60-100bpm, QRS is regular or varies slightly

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3
Q

Sinus tachycardia EKG and response to carotid sinus massage

A

normal P and QRS, regular and fast HR (100-180BPM). Atrial rate may slow in response to massage

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4
Q

Causes of sinus tachycardia

A

Exercise, emotion, hypotension, acute lung or abdominal pathology, thyrotoxicosis

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5
Q

Sinus tachycardia treatment

A

usually none. B blockers in thyrotoxicosis

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6
Q

Sinus Bradycardia EKG

A

Regular, slow HR (<60BPM). P waves precede QRS

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7
Q

Causes of sinus bradycardia

A

Can be normal (ie. In athletes). Can produce vagotonic states (fainting, sick sinus syndrome, inferior infarct)

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8
Q

Treatment of sinus bradycardia

A

None, Atropine for vasovagal events, or pacemaker if serious

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9
Q

Sick sinus syndrome

A

syncope, lightheadedness or fatique in elderly patients with age-related dysfunction

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10
Q

1st degree AV block EKG

A

PR interval prolonged (>0.2 seconds), increased junctional delay

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11
Q

Causes of 1st degree AV block

A

Drugs (B blockers, Ca blockers, digitalis) or conduction system disease. Usually benign

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12
Q

2nd degree AV block EKG

A

Some P waves conduct, others do not

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13
Q

2nd degree AV block causes

A

Conduction system disease, high vagal tone, drugs

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14
Q

3rd degree AV block EKG

A

P waves and QRS show regular rhythm, but at different rates, with P rate> QRS rate

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15
Q

3rd degree AV block causes

A

Severe conduction system disease, drugs

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16
Q

3rd degree AV block treatment

A

pacemaker

17
Q

3rd degree AV block complications

A

syncope or death

18
Q

Atrial flutter EKG and response to carotid massage

A

P waves (flutter waves)are saw toothed and at rate of 180-350BPM. Pulse maay be regular or irregular. Varied ventricular rates. AV block may increase with massage

19
Q

complications of atrial flutter

A

embolic stroke due to clot in left atrium, rapid ventricular rates

20
Q

Atrial flutter treatment

A

Anticoag, rate control with drugs, cardioversion, ablation

21
Q

Atrial fibrillation EKG

A

Irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm, No P waves

22
Q

Atrial fibrillation causes

A

lone A fib, aging, post-operative, heart disease, hyperthyroidism

23
Q

Complications of a fib

A

rapid HR (syncope, ischemia, heart failure), loss of atrial kick (HF), atrial thrombi (embolic stroke)

24
Q

A fib treatment

A

Anticoag, rate control with drugs, cardioversion, ablation

25
Q

Atrial tachycardia EKG and response to carotid sinus massage

A

rapid HR (atrial rate is 130-250BPM), narrow QRS, P waves present but abnormal. AV block may increase, doesn’t usually revert in response to masssage

26
Q

A tach treatment

A

Adenosine infusion, beta blocker, verapamil, diltiazem, ablation

27
Q

focal vs multifocal A tach

A

focal: one different P wave. Multifocal: >3 P wave shapes

28
Q

Junctional rhythm EKG

A

regular rate, narrow QRS, no antecedant P waves (P waves are usually inverted b/c they are conducted upward from the AV node rather than down fron SA node)

29
Q

What is a junctional rhythm

A

rhythms originating in the region surrounding the AV node

30
Q

Premature atrial contraction EKG

A

premature beat preceded by abnormal P wave, narrow QRS

31
Q

premature ventricular contraction EKG

A

wide, abnormal QRS with no P wave

32
Q

What is the cause of premature ventricular contraction?

A

ectopic ventricular focus conducted by the slower fibers of myocardium instead of Purkinje. Short path length blocks can also cause re-entry. Usually benign

33
Q

Ventricular tachycardia EKG

A

repetitive wide QRS with no P wave

34
Q

What causes V tach

A

ectopic ventricular focus conducted by myocytes, or long path length which permits re-entry (from fibrosis, infiltrate)

35
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

no visible P waves

36
Q

Torsades de pointes EKG

A

wide QRS at very rapid rate, no P wave, sinusoidal pattern

37
Q

Torsades de pointes is a form of what?

A

ventricular tachycardia (associated with long QT)

CVPR (32 decks)

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