Overview/A&P Flashcards
action of neurotransmitters
potentiate, terminate, or modulate a specific action
action of dopamine
increase vasodilation and increase bloodflow to kidneys
if a person is suffering from this then they may be given dopamine
shock
neurotransmitter that reduces pain
endorphin
2 neurotransmitters responsible for vasoconstriction
norepinepherine and epinepherine
this neurotransmitter causes bronchodilation
epinepherine
percent of blood delivered to the brain by the carotid arteries
80
normal ICP
5-20 mm Hg
normal protein level for CSF
15-45
is glucose increased or decreased in an infection
decreased
T or F, the higher the number of the cranial nerve issue, the worst the injury
FALSE, the lower the number the worst the injury
action of CN III
pupillary reaction, bad if damaged
action of CN X
gag reflex, may lead to aspiration
examples of noxious stimuli
sternal rub, orbital rim pressure, nail bed pressure
apraxia
inability to convert thought to action
agnosia
inability to recognize objects by use of senses
T or F: if someone has a score of 8 or below on the GCS it does not indicated a neuro issue
FALSE, 8 or below is bad
dysphonia
difficulty speaking
dysarthria
slurring, slowness
if one pupil is dilated and one is constricted, what cranial nerve may be compressed
CN III
what does it mean if both pupils are dilated
death or taking a paralytic
what does it mean if both pupils are constricted
opiate use
ptosis is caused by damage to which cranial nerve
CN III
ataxic gait
staggering and unsteady
chorea
jerky purposeless movements
T or F: incontinence is a normal sign of aging
FALSE
how is a spinal HA cured after LP
blood taken from arm and injected into LP site
does suctioning increase or decrease ICP
increase
cerebral edema
fluid or water in the intracellular or extracellular space
the Monro Kellie Hypothesis states that the skull contains what
80% brain
10% blood
10% CSF
autoregulation
changes in the diameter of the blood vessels to maintain a constant blood flow
how to calculate cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)
MAP-ICP
the amount of blood flow from systemic circulation required to provide adequate oxygen and glucose to the brain
cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)
normal CPP
70-100 mm Hg
a CPP below what may cause ischemic damage
70
a CPP below what causes irreversible damage
50
early signs of increased ICP
changes in LOC restlessness, confusion, drowsiness, increased respiratory effort, purposeless movement pupillary changes weakness in one extremity or on one side HA
late signs of increased ICP
respiratory and vasomotor changes VS: increased systolic BP, widening pulse pressure, slowing of HR, temp increase projectile vomiting deteriorating LOC loss of brainstem reflexes CUSHING'S TRIAD
examples of brainstem reflexes
pupil, gag, corneal, swallowing
what is cushing’s triad and what is it indicative of
bradycardia, hypertension, bradypnea
late sign of increased ICP
goal of corticosteroids
increase blood sugar
increase body fat
increase BP
intermediate acting glucocorticoid given for cerebral edema
methylprednisolone/solu-medrol
long acting glucocorticoid given for cerebral edema
dexamethasone/decadron
dilantin/phenytoin
most commonly used drug for seizures
tegretol/carbamazepine
neurontin/gabapentin
drugs used to treat seizures and decrease nerve pain
most commonly used class of antihypertensives in neuro
calcium channel blockers
role of Diltiazem (ca channel blocker)
decrease BP
role of nimodipine (ca channel blocker)
decrease vasospasm
heparin and coumadin are examples of what
anticoagulants
aspirin and plavix are examples of what
antiplatelets
osmotic diuretic given to treat increased ICP
mannitol
how does mannitol work
pulls fluid from the extravascular space
what type of drug is mannitol
osmotic diuretic
T or F: chemo cannot cross the BBB
true
what is given to prevent GI stress ulcers
protonix
what must you monitor for when giving vasopresin
hyponatremia
what CN is affected in Bell’s Palsy
CN VII
what CN is affected in trigeminal neuralgia
CN V
