Overview Flashcards
(2) Pharmacokinetics describes how the body effects the drug, which includes these 3 qualities about drug-body interaction
absorption
distribution
elimination
(2) Pharmacodynamics describes the interaction between drug and site of action, which achieves which goals?
pharmacologic effect clinical response (either effectiveness or toxicity)
(5) What physiological variables could effect drug response?
body weight and size
age (older having less capacity to metabolize drug)
gender differences (ie. women with greater lipid stores)
(5) What pathologic variables are important in drug responses? (3)
renal insufficiency (ability to eliminate drugs) hepatic disease (ability to metabolize drugs) acid/base or electrolyte imbalance effect action of drug
(5) What genetic variables effect drug response?
genetic differences contribute to differences in proteom including ability to create and metabolize proteins, variation in receptor protein and interactions with other proteins and enzymes
(6) What is required for a drug to cause an allergic reaction?
(1) most small drugs must be covalently linked to a macromolecule
(2) rxn requires previous exposure to drug
(3) immune response to happen-protein complex; ie. anaphylaxis results from widespread release of histamine, causing edema, bronchiolar constriction, heart failure and death
(6) Name systems that may manifest allergic reaction in humans (5).
skin (urticaria, rashes, exfoliative dermatitis) mucous membranes (inflammation, swelling, extra secretions) respiratory tract (difficulty breathing) vascular system (fall in blood pressure) blood (reduction in circulating blood cell type)
(6) Name two general classes of drugs that commonly result in allergic reaction.
antibiotics, [penicillins, sulfonamides], some anti seizure medications [barbiturates]
(7) Is the placebo effect uniform across treated conditions?
no, some illness treated with medication have strong psychological components while others do not (ie. IBS v. bacterial infection)