Overview

Question 1

Immune tolerance

Answer 1

B cells and T cells are ‘educated’ in the bone marrow or thymus to eliminate cells reactive to ‘self’ antigens; prevents autoimmunity

Question 2

These two features of our Humoral immunity provide necessary structural means to create antibodies with specificity to all known antigens

Answer 2

junctional diversity and modular design

Question 3

Abs ‘tag’ pathogens for: (3)

Answer 3

1. opsonization
2. neutralization
3. activation of complement

Question 4

Cognate antigen is always a peptide and must be presented

Answer 4

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 5

Three main types of T cells

Answer 5

T helper cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Regulatory T cells

Question 6

There are about (#) BCRs on a single B cell and all are identical or recognize one antigen

Answer 6

100 000

Question 7

MHC I vs MHC II

Answer 7

I - found on most cells in the body and act as “billboards” for CTLs; heavy chain (long chain) & beta-microglobulin (short chain); 9 amino acids long can fit (ends are CLOSED)

II - found on specialized APCs like macrophages and act as “billboards “for Th cells; two long chains (alpha and beta); 20 amino acids long can fit so ends stick out

Question 8

Why does the T cell need two signals?

Answer 8

• antigen presentation
• MHC and another signal
• for safety; one is specific and one is general for more control over when and where activation and clonal expansion occurs

Question 9

location for APCs and lymphocytes to talk to each other; also where macrophages can capture bacteria and viruses that are carried in the lymph

Answer 9

Lymphatic system (lymph nodes)