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CELLICIDE > OVERALL REVIEW- EXAM 1 > Flashcards

OVERALL REVIEW- EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cell membrane?

A

a barrier that seperates a cell from the external enviroment, and allows materials in and out if the cell

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2
Q

the cell membrane behaves like a what?

A

fluid mosaic model

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3
Q

what does mosaic mean?

A

smaller parts making up a whole

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4
Q

what is in the cell membrane?

A

extrinsic proteins, intrinsic proteins, cholesterol, phospholipids,

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5
Q

describe the structure of a phospholipid.

A

polar head, phosphate, glycerol, two fatty acid non-polar tails

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6
Q

the _______is hydrophillic, and the ______ is hydrophobic

A

head, tail

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7
Q

what do extrinsic, and intrinsic proteins do?

A

act as markers, receptors, and controlls points to regulate cell attachment, and growth

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8
Q

what do INTRINSIC proteins specialize in doing?

A

acting as gateways for larger, polar molecules.

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9
Q

whats the diffrence between the cell wall, and cell membrane

A

the cell wall is in plants, cell membrane is in humans

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10
Q

what does CHOLESTEROL do in the bilayer?

A

provides rigidity to the cell membrane, allowing for a more smooth movement

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11
Q

what are two basic functions of the cell wall?

A
  • provides the plant and fungi with rigidity
  • protects from injury, and dehydration
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12
Q

name the four parts of the cell wall

A

middle lamella, primary cell wall, secondary cell wall, cell membrane, plasmodesmata

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13
Q

what are the TWO DIFFRENT categories that CELLULAR TRANSPORT can be seperated into?

A

passive transport, active transport

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14
Q

what are the different types of PASSIVE TRANSPORT?

A

-Facilitated Diffusion
-Simple diffusion
-Osmosis

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15
Q

what is DIFFUSION?

A

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration, to an area of low concentration

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16
Q

how does the cell membrane help maintain HOMEOSTASIS?

A

regulating what substances may enter or exit the cell

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17
Q

differenciate between simple diffusion, and facilitated diffusion.

A

facilitated diffusion has intrinsic proteins to help the molecules pass through the celll membrane

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18
Q

name all the regulations for molecules passing through in SIMPLE DIFFUSION

A

MUST BE:
- non polar
- small enough
- the right shape

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19
Q

T or F, facilitated diffusion is SLOWER than simple diffusion

A

F

20
Q

what are the FOUR FACTORS that affect diffusion?

A
  • Tempurature, higher temp, faster diffusion
  • Concentration, again higher = faster
  • lipid solubility (polar, non polar)
  • size + shape
21
Q

what is OSMOSIS

A

the passing of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane, moving from a area of higher water conc. to a area of lower water conc.

22
Q

what would happen if there was no membrane present in OSMOSIS?

A

the molecules would move due to simple diffusion

23
Q

what are the THREE TYPES OF OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS?

A

isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic

24
Q

explain: ISOTONIC

A

the SOLUTE concentration OUTSIDE the cell is equal to the concentration In the cell

25
Q

explain: HYPOTONIC

A

the WATER concentration outside the cell is HIGHER than the concentration inside the cell, a net movement of water is going IN the cell.

26
Q

what would happen if cells didnt have HYPOTONIC solutions?

A

they would swell up and burst

27
Q

explain: HYPERTONIC

A

the water concentration outside the cell is lower than the concentration inside the cell. the net movement of water is flowing OUT the cell

28
Q

describe: ACTIVE TRANSPORT

A

energy-requiring movement of molecules across a reigon of LOWER concentration to an are of HIGHER concentration

29
Q

T or F, in active transport, intrinsic proteins can help

A

T

30
Q

what do the carrier proteins serve as?

A

pumps, because they move substances against the flow of diffusion

31
Q

what is active transport powered by?

A

chemical energy

32
Q

why do cells use active transport?

A

to maintain homeostasis, and store potential energy

33
Q

what is the other type of active transport?

A

ENDOCYTOSIS

34
Q

what is ENDOCYTOSIS used for?

A

to take in large molecules which cant enter through intrinsic proteins

35
Q

what are the TWO TYPES of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis (for food), and Pinocytosis (for liquid)

36
Q

what is the inside of the ER called?

A

the LUMEN

37
Q

what is the ER made out of?

A

a phospholipid bilayer, with a cytoskeleton, microtubules, and microfibers.

38
Q

what is attached to the rough ER’s pores

A

ribosomes

39
Q

what does the SMOOTH ER make?

A

lipids and steroids

40
Q

where will proteins be folded?

A

the rough ER

41
Q

after folded, where will proteins move into?

A

the smooth ER

42
Q

describe what happens in: SMOOTH ER

A

proteins, steroids, hormones get packaged into vesicles and then sent to the GOLGI APPARATUS

43
Q

describe what happens in: GOLGI APPARATUS

A

vesicles will merge, and will form a structure called the cis-cistern

44
Q

T or F, the Cis-cistern is a part of the GOLGI APPARATUS

A

T

45
Q

what are all three cisterns called?

A

ciscisten, medial cistern, trans cistern

46
Q

what happens in the TRANS SISTERN

A

particles are wrapped into vesicles, and leave through EXOCYTOSIS

CELLICIDE (2 decks)

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