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atoms and elements unit > Overall Review > Flashcards

Overall Review Flashcards

1
Q

Element most use as an electrical conductor

A

Copper

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2
Q

The element used in the production of fertilizers

A

Potassium or phosphorus

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3
Q

Each horizontal row in the periodic table

A

Period

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4
Q

Each vertical column in the periodic table

A

Family

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5
Q

Elements that give off particles

A

Radioactive

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6
Q

Elements that are made in laboratories

A

Synthetic

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7
Q

Elements that occur somewhere on earth

A

Natural

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8
Q

Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity. They can be pounded into shapes or drawn into wires.they have a shiny, metallic luster. They appear on the periodic table to the left of the bold step shaped line.

A

Metals

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9
Q

Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity. If pounded, they will shatter or get crushed to a powder. They have a dull or earthy Lauster. They appear to the right of the bold step shaped line in the periodic table

A

Nonmetals

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10
Q

Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. They touch the bold step shaped line in the periodic table

A

Metalliods

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11
Q

The number of protons in and Adam of an element. The elements are put in this order.

A

Atomic number

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12
Q

Organizes the elements by their properties

A

Periodic table

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13
Q

What percent of the periodic table is metals

A

75%

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14
Q

What percent of the periodic table is nonmetals

A

15%

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15
Q

Percent of the periodic table is metalloids

A

10%

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16
Q

The simplest form of a substance

A

Element

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17
Q

The smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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18
Q

The simplest form of any material containing two or more elements

A

Compound

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19
Q

The smallest particle of a compound

A

Molecule

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20
Q

What is the difference between an orbit and an orbital

A

Orbit is the entire path that contains for orbitals. orbitals are the paths on the orbit ring

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21
Q

What happens to electrons when the gain/lose energy in terms of energy level position?

A

When they gain energy they move to an outer shell. When they lose energy they jump in if there’s a spot

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22
Q

Compare Amanda loves periodic table with the modern periodic table in terms of Organization

A

Mende live arranged according to properties and atomic mass. Modern table is arranged according to properties and atomic number

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23
Q

Why are noble gases virtually non-reactive

A

They all have a full outer shell

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24
Q

What is phosphorus used for

A

Fertilizer

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25
Q

What is Iron used for

A

Steel

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26
Q

What is calcium used for

A

Cement

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27
Q

What is fluorine use for

A

PreVenting tooth decay

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28
Q

What is iodine use for

A

Anti-septic

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29
Q

What is neon used for

A

Neon signs

30
Q

What is helium used for

A

Balloons

31
Q

What is potassium use for

A

Fertilizer

32
Q

What is gold use for

A

Jewlery

33
Q

What does the staircase divide

A

Metals and nonmetals

34
Q

How are isotopes of an element the same? Different?

A

They have the same number of protons and electrons. They have different number of neutrons

35
Q

What is ionic bonding

A

The giving or taking of electrons

36
Q

What is covalent bonding

A

Covalent bonding is sharing of electrons

37
Q

What are outer electrons called

A

Valence

38
Q

In what two categories do scientists classify changes give one example of each

A

Physical change which is shaping/bending. Chemical change which is cooking, rusting, corrosion, burning.

39
Q

What is combustibility

A

Combustibility is win some materials combine, they burn in air

40
Q

What is a chemical property

A

Chemical properties describe the behaviour of a substance as it reacts with another substance to form a new material

41
Q

Describe the difference between a qualitative physical property and a quantitative physical property

A

Qualitative physical property can be described but not measured. Quantitative physical property can be measured

42
Q

What is suspension

A

Suspension is a mechanical mixture consisting of a liquid or gas with small particles that are distributed through it, but that separate out of the suspension is left undisturbed example sand and water

43
Q

What is a colloid

A

A colloid is a type of mechanical mixture in which extremely small particles of one or more substances are evenly and stable he distributed in one or more others example whipped cream

44
Q

What is electrolysis

A

Electrolysis is using electricity to break down a compound

45
Q

State the law of definite proportions

A

Compounds are pure substances that contain two or more elements combined together in fixed proportions

46
Q

What is the atmosphere

A

Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth

47
Q

Does oxygen exist as a lone, uncombined Atom in the atmosphere? Explain.

A

Oxygen is so reactive that it cannot exist as an on combine Atom. The oxygen in the atmosphere is a form of 02 molecules

48
Q

List the four main elements that make up the composition of dry air

A

Nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide

49
Q

What is the hydrosphere

A

The hydrosphere is all the water that occurs at earths surface

50
Q

What do we call the science and technology of retrieving metallic elements and making them useful?

A

The science and technology of retrieving a metallic elements and making them as useful as possible is called Metallurgy

51
Q

Briefly describe the three processes included in Metallurgy

A

Extraction – getting the metal out of the mineral
Modification – altering the properties of the metal without chemical change
Alloying – mixing with other metals

52
Q

What to energy sources are used to extract metal from its ore

A

Concentration and decomposition or heat and electricity

53
Q

What is the use of heat for this process called

A

Smelting

54
Q

What are the types of reactions and balancing chemical equations

A

Synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement

55
Q

What is the test to see if the unknown substance is oxygen?

A

Place a glowing [not burning] splint into a small amount of the unknown gas. If the splint burst into a flame, the gas is oxygen.

56
Q

What is the test to see if the unknown substance is a hydrogen?

A

Place a burning splint into a small amount of the unknown gas. If you hear a pop, the gas is hydrogen.

57
Q

What is the test to see if the unknown substance is carbon dioxide?

A

You must bubble the unknown gas through the lime water. If the water turned cloudy white, the gas is carbon dioxide

58
Q

What is the test to see if the unknown substance is water?

A

Place a piece of cobalt chloride test paper into the unknown liquid. If the blue cobalt chloride turns pink, the unknown liquid is water.

59
Q

What are exothermic reactions?

A

Reactions where energy is released

60
Q

What are endothermic reaction’s?

A

Reactions that absorb energy from their surroundings

61
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Corrosion is a chemical reaction, the eating a way of a metal as it reacts with other substances in the environment.

62
Q

What is rapid oxidation?

A

Combustion, this type of reaction involves oxygen fast linking with another substance.

63
Q

What is slow oxidation

A

Rusting or corrosion

64
Q

How do you prevent rust

A

Use alloys that don’t rest
Cover the metal so that other substances don’t come in contact with it
Some paints and Grease can protect metals from corrosion

65
Q

What is a chemical change

A

Accountable change occurs when one or more new substances are formed

66
Q

What are some chemical changes

A 
– New colour appears
– Heat or light is given off
– Bubbles of gas are formed
– Solid material [called a precipitate] forms in a liquid
– The change is difficult to reverse
67
Q

What is a physical change

A

A change in a substance in which no new type of substance is produce is called physical change

68
Q

What are some physical changes

A 
– Melting
– Freezing
– Boiling
– Dissolving
– Cutting
– Molding
69
Q

Any substance that is being used up during a chemical reaction is called

A

A reactant

70
Q

Any substance that is made during a chemical reaction is called

A

A product

atoms and elements unit (9 decks)

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