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Atoms And Elements Unit > Overall Review > Flashcards

Overall Review Flashcards

1
Q

Element most use as an electrical conductor

A

Copper

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2
Q

The element used in the production of fertilizers

A

Potassium or phosphorus

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3
Q

Each horizontal row in the periodic table

A

Period

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4
Q

Each vertical column in the periodic table

A

Family

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5
Q

Elements that give off particles

A

Radioactive

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6
Q

Elements that are made in laboratories

A

Synthetic

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7
Q

Elements that occur somewhere on earth

A

Natural

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8
Q

Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity. They can be pounded into shapes or drawn into wires.they have a shiny, metallic luster. They appear on the periodic table to the left of the bold step shaped line.

A

Metals

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9
Q

Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity. If pounded, they will shatter or get crushed to a powder. They have a dull or earthy Lauster. They appear to the right of the bold step shaped line in the periodic table

A

Nonmetals

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10
Q

Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. They touch the bold step shaped line in the periodic table

A

Metalliods

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11
Q

The number of protons in and Adam of an element. The elements are put in this order.

A

Atomic number

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12
Q

Organizes the elements by their properties

A

Periodic table

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13
Q

What percent of the periodic table is metals

A

75%

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14
Q

What percent of the periodic table is nonmetals

A

15%

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15
Q

Percent of the periodic table is metalloids

A

10%

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16
Q

The simplest form of a substance

A

Element

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17
Q

The smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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18
Q

The simplest form of any material containing two or more elements

A

Compound

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19
Q

The smallest particle of a compound

A

Molecule

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20
Q

What is the difference between an orbit and an orbital

A

Orbit is the entire path that contains for orbitals. orbitals are the paths on the orbit ring

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21
Q

What happens to electrons when the gain/lose energy in terms of energy level position?

A

When they gain energy they move to an outer shell. When they lose energy they jump in if there’s a spot

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22
Q

Compare Amanda loves periodic table with the modern periodic table in terms of Organization

A

Mende live arranged according to properties and atomic mass. Modern table is arranged according to properties and atomic number

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23
Q

Why are noble gases virtually non-reactive

A

They all have a full outer shell

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24
Q

What is phosphorus used for

A

Fertilizer

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25
What is Iron used for
Steel
26
What is calcium used for
Cement
27
What is fluorine use for
PreVenting tooth decay
28
What is iodine use for
Anti-septic
29
What is neon used for
Neon signs
30
What is helium used for
Balloons
31
What is potassium use for
Fertilizer
32
What is gold use for
Jewlery
33
What does the staircase divide
Metals and nonmetals
34
How are isotopes of an element the same? Different?
They have the same number of protons and electrons. They have different number of neutrons
35
What is ionic bonding
The giving or taking of electrons
36
What is covalent bonding
Covalent bonding is sharing of electrons
37
What are outer electrons called
Valence
38
In what two categories do scientists classify changes give one example of each
Physical change which is shaping/bending. Chemical change which is cooking, rusting, corrosion, burning.
39
What is combustibility
Combustibility is win some materials combine, they burn in air
40
What is a chemical property
Chemical properties describe the behaviour of a substance as it reacts with another substance to form a new material
41
Describe the difference between a qualitative physical property and a quantitative physical property
Qualitative physical property can be described but not measured. Quantitative physical property can be measured
42
What is suspension
Suspension is a mechanical mixture consisting of a liquid or gas with small particles that are distributed through it, but that separate out of the suspension is left undisturbed example sand and water
43
What is a colloid
A colloid is a type of mechanical mixture in which extremely small particles of one or more substances are evenly and stable he distributed in one or more others example whipped cream
44
What is electrolysis
Electrolysis is using electricity to break down a compound
45
State the law of definite proportions
Compounds are pure substances that contain two or more elements combined together in fixed proportions
46
What is the atmosphere
Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth
47
Does oxygen exist as a lone, uncombined Atom in the atmosphere? Explain.
Oxygen is so reactive that it cannot exist as an on combine Atom. The oxygen in the atmosphere is a form of 02 molecules
48
List the four main elements that make up the composition of dry air
Nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide
49
What is the hydrosphere
The hydrosphere is all the water that occurs at earths surface
50
What do we call the science and technology of retrieving metallic elements and making them useful?
The science and technology of retrieving a metallic elements and making them as useful as possible is called Metallurgy
51
Briefly describe the three processes included in Metallurgy
Extraction – getting the metal out of the mineral Modification – altering the properties of the metal without chemical change Alloying – mixing with other metals
52
What to energy sources are used to extract metal from its ore
Concentration and decomposition or heat and electricity
53
What is the use of heat for this process called
Smelting
54
What are the types of reactions and balancing chemical equations
Synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement
55
What is the test to see if the unknown substance is oxygen?
Place a glowing [not burning] splint into a small amount of the unknown gas. If the splint burst into a flame, the gas is oxygen.
56
What is the test to see if the unknown substance is a hydrogen?
Place a burning splint into a small amount of the unknown gas. If you hear a pop, the gas is hydrogen.
57
What is the test to see if the unknown substance is carbon dioxide?
You must bubble the unknown gas through the lime water. If the water turned cloudy white, the gas is carbon dioxide
58
What is the test to see if the unknown substance is water?
Place a piece of cobalt chloride test paper into the unknown liquid. If the blue cobalt chloride turns pink, the unknown liquid is water.
59
What are exothermic reactions?
Reactions where energy is released
60
What are endothermic reaction's?
Reactions that absorb energy from their surroundings
61
What is corrosion?
Corrosion is a chemical reaction, the eating a way of a metal as it reacts with other substances in the environment.
62
What is rapid oxidation?
Combustion, this type of reaction involves oxygen fast linking with another substance.
63
What is slow oxidation
Rusting or corrosion
64
How do you prevent rust
Use alloys that don't rest Cover the metal so that other substances don't come in contact with it Some paints and Grease can protect metals from corrosion
65
What is a chemical change
Accountable change occurs when one or more new substances are formed
66
What are some chemical changes
``` – New colour appears – Heat or light is given off – Bubbles of gas are formed – Solid material [called a precipitate] forms in a liquid – The change is difficult to reverse ```
67
What is a physical change
A change in a substance in which no new type of substance is produce is called physical change
68
What are some physical changes
``` – Melting – Freezing – Boiling – Dissolving – Cutting – Molding ```
69
Any substance that is being used up during a chemical reaction is called
A reactant
70
Any substance that is made during a chemical reaction is called
A product

Atoms And Elements Unit (9 decks)

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