Overall Memory Guide

Question 1

Declarative Memory has 4 types of memory. What are they?

Answer 1

Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Spatial memory
Working memory

Question 2

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is important for which types of memory above?

Answer 2

Short-term -> Long-term memory
Spatial memory

Question 3

Focusing on spatial memory, what two regions within the MTL are most important?

Answer 3

Entorhinal cortex and hippocampus

Question 4

What types of cells are found activated in those two regions?

Answer 4

EC = grid cells
Hippocampus = place cells

Question 5

Which experiments are most commonly associated with the MTL?

Answer 5

Radial arm maze
Delayed non-matching to sample task
Morris water maze
Mouse in a box
VR driving (think Mario Kart)

Question 6

Working memory is associated with which brain regions?

Answer 6

dlPFC & vlPFC
LIP

Question 7

How do the dlPFC and vlPFC differ in their involvement with working memory?

Answer 7

the dlPFC is important for executive function, planning, reasoning and problem solving and (most importantly) working memory

the vlPFC is important for verbal/non-verbal working memory, along with the control of attention and retrieval of information, and (most importantly) reward processing

Question 8

What tasks/experiments are associated with testing working memory?

Answer 8

Delayed response task
Celebrity face task
Delayed saccade task

Question 9

There are 3 major types of non-declarative memory. what are they?

Answer 9

Procedural
Associative
Non-associative

Question 10

Procedural memory is most commonly associated with activity in which brain regions?

Answer 10

striatum, cerebellum, motor cortex

Question 11

Which task did HM do which tested his procedural memory?

Answer 11

The star-tracing/mirror-tracing task

Question 12

Non-associative has two main forms of memory, what are they?

Answer 12

Habituation and sensitization

Question 13

How do those two forms differ?

Answer 13

Habituation refers to how we have a weaker/lesser response to the same stimuli over time.

Sensitization refers to how we have a stronger response towards a stimulus over time

Question 14

What experiments were associated with these two forms of non-associative memory?

Answer 14

The repeated mild stimulus is associated with habituation while the repeated noxious stimulus is associated with sensitization.

Question 15

What brain regions do the sensitization and habituation forms of non-associative memory activate?

Answer 15

Reflex pathways

Question 16

Associative learning has two major forms. What are they?

Answer 16

Classical (Pavlovian) and Operant (instrumental)

Question 17

What brain regions do these two forms of associative learning activate?

Answer 17

Striatum, cerebellum, amygdala

Question 18

What experiments are associated with associative memory?

Answer 18

Radial arm maze with lights and the lever box