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NASM > Overactive/Underactive - Assessments > Flashcards

Overactive/Underactive - Assessments Flashcards

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1
Q

List the ‘short muscles’ in pronation distortion syndrome

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • peroneals
  • adductors
  • iliotibial head
  • hip flexor complex
  • biceps femoris (short head)
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2
Q

List the ‘lengthened muscles’ in pronation distortion syndrome

A
  • anterior tibialis
  • posterior tibialis
  • vastus medialis
  • gluteus medius/maximus
  • hip external rotators
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3
Q

Pronation distortion syndrome results in altered joint mechanics. What are the increased and decreased joint mechanics?

A

Increased:

  • knee adduction
  • knee internal rotation
  • foot pronation
  • foot external rotation

Decreased:

  • ankle dorsiflexion
  • ankle inversion
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4
Q

What are possible injuries associated with pronation distortion syndrome?

A
  • plantar fasciitis
  • posterior tibialis tendonitis (shin splints)
  • patellar tendonitis
  • low-back pain
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5
Q

With lower crossed syndrome, which muscles are shortened?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • hip flexor complex
  • adductors
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • erector spinae
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6
Q

With lower crossed syndrome, which muscles are lengthened?

A
  • anterior tibialis
  • posterior tibialis
  • gluteus maximum
  • gluteus medius
  • transversus abdominis
  • internal oblique
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7
Q

Lower crossed syndrome results in altered joint mechanics. What are the increased and decreased joint mechanics?

A

Increased: lumbar extension

Decreased: Hip extension

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8
Q

What are possible injuries associated with lower crossed syndrome?

A
  • Hamstring complex strain
  • anterior knee pain
  • low-back pain
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9
Q

With upper crossed syndrome, which muscles are shortened?

A
  • upper trapezius
  • levator scapulae
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • scalenes
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major
  • subscapularis
  • pectoralis major/minor
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10
Q

With upper crossed syndrome, which muscles are lengthened?

A
  • deep cervical flexors
  • serratus anterior
  • rhomboids
  • mid-trapezius
  • lower trapezius
  • teres minor
  • infraspinatus
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11
Q

Upper crossed syndrome results in altered joint mechanics. What are the increased and decreased joint mechanics?

A

Increased:
Cervical extension
Scapular protraction/ elevation

Decreased:
Shoulder extension
Shoulder external rotation

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12
Q

What are possible injuries associated with upper crossed syndrome?

A

Headaches
biceps tendonitis
rotator cuff impingement
thoracic outlet syndrome

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13
Q

During overhead squat assessment, if the LPHC compensates by excessively leaning forward (seen in a lateral view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:

  • soleus
  • gastrocnemius
  • hip flexor complex
  • abdominal complex

Underactive:

  • anterior tibialis
  • gluteus maximus
  • erector spinae
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14
Q

During overhead squat assessment, if the LPHC compensates by the lower back arching (seen in a lateral view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:

  • hip flexor complex
  • erector spinae
  • latissimus dorsi
Underactive:
-gluteus maximus
-hamstring complex
-Intrinsic core
stabilizers (transverse abdominis, multifidus, transversospinalis, internal oblique pelvic floor)
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15
Q

During overhead squat assessment, if the upper body compensates by the arms falling forward (seen in a lateral view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Pectoralis major/minor

Underactive:
Mid/lower trapezius
Rhomboids
Rotator cuff

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16
Q

During overhead squat assessment, if the feet compensate by turning out (seen in an anterior view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:
Soleus
Lateral gastrocnemius
Biceps femoris (short head)

Underactive: 
 Medial gastrocnemius
Medial hamstring complex
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus
17
Q

During overhead squat assessment, if the knees compensate by moving inward (seen in an anterior view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A 
Overactive: 
Adductor complex
Biceps femoris (short head)
TFL
Vastus lateralis

Underactive:
Gluteus medius/maximus
Vastus medialis oblique (VMO)

18
Q

During a single-leg squat assessment, if the knees compensate by moving inward, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A 
Overactive: 
Adductor complex
Biceps femoris (short head)
TFL
Vastus lateralis

Underactive:
Gluteus medius/maximus
Vastus medialis oblique (VMO)

19
Q

During a pushing assessment, if the LPHC compensates by the lower back arching, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:
Hip flexors
Erector spinae

Underactive:
Intrinsic core stabilizers

20
Q

During a pushing assessment, if the shoulder complex compensates by shoulder elevation, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:
Upper trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae

Underactive:
Mid/lower trapezius

21
Q

During a pushing assessment, if the head compensates by migrating forward, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:
Upper trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae

Underactive:
Deep cervical flexors

22
Q

During a pulling assessment, if the LPHC compensates by the low back arching, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:
Hip flexors
Erector spinae

Underactive:
Instrinsic core stabilizers

23
Q

During a pulling assessment, if the shoulder complex compensates by shoulder elevation, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:
Upper trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae

Underactive:
Mid/lower trapezius

24
Q

During a pulling assessment, if the head compensates by protruding forward, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?

A

Overactive:
Upper trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae

Underactive:
Deep cervical flexors

NASM (3 decks)

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