Overactive/Underactive - Assessments Flashcards
List the ‘short muscles’ in pronation distortion syndrome
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- peroneals
- adductors
- iliotibial head
- hip flexor complex
- biceps femoris (short head)
List the ‘lengthened muscles’ in pronation distortion syndrome
- anterior tibialis
- posterior tibialis
- vastus medialis
- gluteus medius/maximus
- hip external rotators
Pronation distortion syndrome results in altered joint mechanics. What are the increased and decreased joint mechanics?
Increased:
- knee adduction
- knee internal rotation
- foot pronation
- foot external rotation
Decreased:
- ankle dorsiflexion
- ankle inversion
What are possible injuries associated with pronation distortion syndrome?
- plantar fasciitis
- posterior tibialis tendonitis (shin splints)
- patellar tendonitis
- low-back pain
With lower crossed syndrome, which muscles are shortened?
- Gastrocnemius
- soleus
- hip flexor complex
- adductors
- Latissimus dorsi
- erector spinae
With lower crossed syndrome, which muscles are lengthened?
- anterior tibialis
- posterior tibialis
- gluteus maximum
- gluteus medius
- transversus abdominis
- internal oblique
Lower crossed syndrome results in altered joint mechanics. What are the increased and decreased joint mechanics?
Increased: lumbar extension
Decreased: Hip extension
What are possible injuries associated with lower crossed syndrome?
- Hamstring complex strain
- anterior knee pain
- low-back pain
With upper crossed syndrome, which muscles are shortened?
- upper trapezius
- levator scapulae
- sternocleidomastoid
- scalenes
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major
- subscapularis
- pectoralis major/minor
With upper crossed syndrome, which muscles are lengthened?
- deep cervical flexors
- serratus anterior
- rhomboids
- mid-trapezius
- lower trapezius
- teres minor
- infraspinatus
Upper crossed syndrome results in altered joint mechanics. What are the increased and decreased joint mechanics?
Increased:
Cervical extension
Scapular protraction/ elevation
Decreased:
Shoulder extension
Shoulder external rotation
What are possible injuries associated with upper crossed syndrome?
Headaches
biceps tendonitis
rotator cuff impingement
thoracic outlet syndrome
During overhead squat assessment, if the LPHC compensates by excessively leaning forward (seen in a lateral view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
- soleus
- gastrocnemius
- hip flexor complex
- abdominal complex
Underactive:
- anterior tibialis
- gluteus maximus
- erector spinae
During overhead squat assessment, if the LPHC compensates by the lower back arching (seen in a lateral view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
- hip flexor complex
- erector spinae
- latissimus dorsi
Underactive: -gluteus maximus -hamstring complex -Intrinsic core stabilizers (transverse abdominis, multifidus, transversospinalis, internal oblique pelvic floor)
During overhead squat assessment, if the upper body compensates by the arms falling forward (seen in a lateral view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Pectoralis major/minor
Underactive:
Mid/lower trapezius
Rhomboids
Rotator cuff
During overhead squat assessment, if the feet compensate by turning out (seen in an anterior view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
Soleus
Lateral gastrocnemius
Biceps femoris (short head)
Underactive: Medial gastrocnemius Medial hamstring complex Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus
During overhead squat assessment, if the knees compensate by moving inward (seen in an anterior view). Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive: Adductor complex Biceps femoris (short head) TFL Vastus lateralis
Underactive:
Gluteus medius/maximus
Vastus medialis oblique (VMO)
During a single-leg squat assessment, if the knees compensate by moving inward, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive: Adductor complex Biceps femoris (short head) TFL Vastus lateralis
Underactive:
Gluteus medius/maximus
Vastus medialis oblique (VMO)
During a pushing assessment, if the LPHC compensates by the lower back arching, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
Hip flexors
Erector spinae
Underactive:
Intrinsic core stabilizers
During a pushing assessment, if the shoulder complex compensates by shoulder elevation, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
Upper trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae
Underactive:
Mid/lower trapezius
During a pushing assessment, if the head compensates by migrating forward, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
Upper trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae
Underactive:
Deep cervical flexors
During a pulling assessment, if the LPHC compensates by the low back arching, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
Hip flexors
Erector spinae
Underactive:
Instrinsic core stabilizers
During a pulling assessment, if the shoulder complex compensates by shoulder elevation, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
Upper trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae
Underactive:
Mid/lower trapezius
During a pulling assessment, if the head compensates by protruding forward, Which muscles are overactive and underactive?
Overactive:
Upper trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae
Underactive:
Deep cervical flexors
