Ovary path

Question 1

types of Nonneoplastic and functional cysts

Answer 1

Follicle cysts
Luteal cysts
Polycystic ovaries (PCOS)
Stromal hyperthecosis

Question 2

4 types of Ovarian tumors

Answer 2

1. epithelial tumors
2. germ cell tumors
3. sex cord stromal tumors
4. metastatic tumors

Question 3

types of epithelial tumors

Answer 3

Serous tumors
Mucinous tumors
Endometroid tumors
Clear cell carcinoma
Cystadenofibroma
Brenner tumors/Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 4

types of germ cell tumors

Answer 4

Teratomas
Dysgerminoma
Yolk sac tumor
Choriocarcinoma

Question 5

types of sex cord stromal tumors

Answer 5

Granulosa cell tumor

Fibromas, thecomas, fibrothecomas

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors

Other sex cord stromal tumors

Question 6

PCOS Buzz words

Answer 6

Hyperandrogenism
Menstrual abnormalities
Polycystic ovaries (duh)
Chronic anovulation
Decreased fertility

Obesity
T2DM
Premature atherosclerosis

Question 7

Disorder of ovarian stroma thats most often seen in post-menopausal women

Answer 7

Stromal hyperthecosis

Uniform enlargement of ovary

Usually tan-white, solid

Often bilateral

Results in increased androgens

Similar clinical picture as PCOS

Question 8

common clinical symptoms for ovarian tumors?

Answer 8

abdominal pain, distention, GI symptoms, vaginal bleeding

Question 9

T/F Surface epithelial tumors are the most common cause of ovarian tumors

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

list the 5 classes of surface epithelial tumors

Answer 10

1. serous
2. mucinous
3. endometrioid
4. clear cell
5. transitional cell

all of these above hae benign, borderline, and malignant subtypes

Question 11

list the 6 classes of sex cord stromal tumors

Answer 11

1. granulosa
2. fibromas
3. fibrothecomas
4. thecomas
5. sertoli-leydig cell
6. steroid (lipid) cell

Question 12

list the classes of germ cell tumors

Answer 12

1. teratomas
2. dysgerminoma
3. yolk sac tumor (aka endodermal sinus)
4. mixed germ cell

Question 13

highest malignant potential?

Answer 13

borderline; bilateral

Question 14

what are the 2 types of surface epithelial tumors? what are their respective grades and origins?

Answer 14

TYPE 1

• low grade
• often from borderline or endometriosis
• include: low-grade serous, endometriod, mucinous carcinomas

TYPE 2

• high grade
• often from serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC)

Question 15

Describes “tubal-like epithelium”

Answer 15

surface epithelial tumors

- serous tumors

Question 16

serous tumor gene mutation

Answer 16

Low-grade serous carcinoma
- Wild-type (normal/non-mutated) p53

High-grade serous carcinoma
- Mutated p53

Recall: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene (mutation= tumor)

Question 17

tumor microscopic appearance:

Tall mucin-containing columnar cells

Answer 17

Surface epithelial tumors

- Mucinous tumors

Question 18

Clinical condition marked by extensive mucinous ascites, implants and adhesions

Answer 18

Pseudomyxoma peritonei, AKA jelly belly

assoc w mucinous (surface epithelial) tumor

Question 19

Pseudomyxoma peritonei cause by

Answer 19

appendiceal origin

Question 20

clear cell carcinoma occur in association with which disease?

Answer 20

endometriosis.

clear cell carcinoma is a type of surface epithelial tumor

• uncommon
• Large epithelial cells with abundant clear cytoplasm

Question 21

which type of tumor has fibrous stroma and underlying columnar epithelium?

Answer 21

cystadenofibroma

- surface epithelial tumors

Question 22

which tumor has neoplastic cells resembling urothelium?

Answer 22

transitional cell tumors
- type of surface epithelial tumors

typically benign and unilateral

aka Brenner tumor

Question 23

T/F mature teratomas are benign

Answer 23

TRUE

• type of germ cell tumor
• often cystic aka dermoid cysts
• young women
• often incidental

contain hair, teeth, bone…

Question 24

T/F immature teratomas are malignant

Answer 24

TRUE

• type of germ cell tumor
• rarer
• resembles immature fetal tissue
• prepubertal/ teen women

histo: embryonic/ fetal tissure

MC: immature neuroepithelium