Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Obstetrics And Gynecology > Ovarian Tumors > Flashcards

Ovarian Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Increased scars on ovary surface can be seen in cases of

A

Nulliparous
Ovulation induction
Early menarche
Late menopause
Perineal talc
Asbestosis
These all increases predisposition to epithelial injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Increased scars on ovary can lead to

A

Epithelium of ovary tries to heal by itself - can lead to overhealing due to repeated injuries - Can eventually cause Epithelial Ovarian cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which gene mutations increase predisposition to ovarian cancer

A

BRCA 1 - Chr 17
BRCA 2 - Chr 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chances of ovarian cancer If two 1st degree relatives with female specific cancers

A

35-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chances of ovarian cancer if one 1st degree and one 2nd degree relatives with female specific cancers

A

2-10 times chances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Age group mostly affected in case of Ovarian cancers

A

Elderly (6th to 7th decade)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ovarian cancer is associated with increase in which Prognostic marker

A

CA125

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CA125 significant values in postmenopausal and premenopausal women

A

> 35 - postmenopausal
200 - in premenopausal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which is the most common ovarian cancer

A

Epithelial Ovarian cancer - 70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is the biggest tumor of mankind

A

Ovarian tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

USG Features of Malignancy in case of Ovarian Cancers

A

Transvaginal > Transabdominal
Bilateral tumor
Multiloculated
Surface irregularities
Cystic + Solid areas in same tumor
A/w ascites
Metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Risk of Malignancy index (RMI) Includes

A

Menopausal status
Ultrasound features
Sr CA 125

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which is specific marker for Ovarian cancer

A

Human epidydimis Protein 4 (HE-4) - 94% specificity
No effect with endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(Risk od Malignancy Algorithm) ROMA cutoff values for premenopausal and postmenopausal women

A

7.4% for premenopausal
25.3% for postmenopausal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Best treatment modality for Ovarian cancers

A

Staging Laparotomy + Optimal debulking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

All cancers in Gyne are staged by and exception

A

Staged surgically except Ca Cervix (Staged clinically)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Steps for Staging Laparotomy and Optimal debulking

A

1) Vertical abdominal incision
2) If ascites/washings 50-100ml NS of pouch of Douglas,paracolic gutters
3) Assess the tumor and spread in clockwise manner (to check organ involvement)
4) Peritoneal biopsies
5) Scrape both hemidiaphragm
6) Supracolic omentectomy - send for pathology
7) Retroperitoneal LN sampling - Pelvic, Paraaortic LN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Optimal Debulking AKA

A

AKA Cytoreduction
Residual cancer is less than 1cm size
Post operative period - lesser morbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

FIGO Staging for Ovarian cancers

A

Stage 1 - Stage 1A, Stage 1B , Stage 1C ( C1,C2,C3)
Stage 2 - Stage 2A, Stage 2B
Stage 3 - Stage 3A1, Stage 3A2, Stage 3B, Stage 3C
Stage 4 - Stage 4A, Stage 4B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stage 1 of Ovarian cancer

A

Ovarian involvement
Stage 1A - one ovary involved
Stage 1B - Both ovary involved
Stage 1C - A or B + Surgical spill (C1), Surface growth (C2), Malignant ascites or washings (C3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

FIGO Stage 2 of Ovarian cancers

A

Involvement of Pelvis
Stage 2A - uterus, fallopian tubes
Stage 2B - other pelvic organs involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

FIGO Stage 3 of ovarian cancer

A

Abdominal involvement
Stage 3A1 - Retroperitoneal LN involvement
Stage 3A2 - Microscopic Abdominal involvement
Stage 3Bb - Macroscopic Abdominal involvement <2cm
Stage 3C - Macroscopic Abdominal involvement >2cm
Liver and spleen superficial involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

FIGO Stage 4 of ovarian cancer

A

Stage 4A - Malignant pleural effusion
Stage 4B - Deep liver and spleen deposits, Inguinal LN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Chemotherapy regimes used for Epithelial Ovarian cancer

A

CAP Regime - Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Platins (Cisplatin, Carboplatin)
PT Regime - Platins, Taxol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which Regime is best in case of Epithelial Ovarian cancers

A

PT Regime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chemotherapy regimes for Germ cell Tumors

A

VBP - Vincristine, Bleomycin, Platins
BEP - Bleomycin, Etoposide, Platins : Better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment for Sex cord tumors

A

Surgery is sufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ovarian tumors are radioresistant or sensitive and exception

A

Ovarian tumors are Radioresistant except Dysgerminoma (Only Radiosensitive ovarian tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Normal ovaries are Radioresistant or sensitive

A

Radiosensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Management of Early low risk Ovarian cancer

A

Low risk - Stage 1A, 1B
Surgical staging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Management of Early high risk Ovarian cancers

A

High risk - Stage 1C
Surgical Staging + Adjuvant Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Management of Advanced ovarian cancer

A

Stage 2,3 and 4
Maximal Cytoreduction ( Removal of entire pelvic tumor + resection of metastasis) + Adjuvant Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fertility sparing surgery can be done in which stage of ovarian cancer

A

Stage 1A with low grade, Borderline tumors
U/L salpingo-oopherectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Neo adjuvant Chemotherapy is given in cases of

A

Stage 3 and 4 with massive ascites, pleural effusion or unresectable tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Types of Epithelial Ovarian tumor

A

Serous cyst adenoma
Mucinous cyst adenoma
Brenner tumor
Endometroid tumor
Clear cell carcinoma/Mesonephroid tumor

36
Q

Most common subtype of Epithelial Ovarian cancers

A

Serous cyst adenoma

37
Q

Bodies seen in case of Serous cyst adenoma

A

Psammoma bodies

38
Q

Serous cyst adenoma cells resembles like cells of which organ

A

Fallopian tubes

39
Q

Serous cyst adenoma Features

A

Unilocular Tumor
B/L in 50% cases
Mostly malignant
Surface growth can be seen

40
Q

In mucinous cyst adenoma, cells resembles like of

A

Cervical cells

41
Q

M/C cause of Pseudomyxoma peritonei in ovarian tumors and overall

A

In ovarian tumors - Mucinous cyst adenoma
Overall - Carcinoma of appendix

42
Q

Mucinous cyst adenoma features

A

Lesser malignant then Serous cyst adenoma
10% are B/L
Multilocular Tumor
Pseudomyxoma peritonei - Severe Hypoproteinemia

43
Q

In Brenner tumor, cells resembles like which organ

A

Bladder - made up of Transitional cells

44
Q

Nest of Transitional cells in Brenner tumor is termed as

A

Walthard inclusions (Puffed wheat type of cells)

45
Q

Brunner tumor consistency

A

Rubbery tumor
Benign

46
Q

Brenner tumor is associated with which Syndrome

A

Pseudomeig Syndrome
Post Menopausal bleeding

47
Q

Pseudomeig Syndrome and M/C seen in case of

A

Any ovarian tumor other than Fibroma with ascites and Pleural effusion
M/C bcz of Brenner tumor

48
Q

Meig Syndrome Triad

A

Fibroma
Ascites
Pleural effusion

49
Q

Endometroid tumor cells resembles to which organ

A

Endometrial type of cells
6-8% of all Ovarian cancers

50
Q

Which Epithelial Ovarian tumor is rare but very malignant

A

Clear cell carcinoma/Mesonephroid tumor

51
Q

Histological findings in case of Clear cell carcinoma/Mesonephroid tumor

A

Large cuboid cells, Clear cytoplasm
Hobnail cells - Cystic space lined by clear cells with protruding nucleus into lumen

52
Q

Germ cells tumors are usually seen in which age group

A

Younger women
Mostly unilateral

53
Q

Subtypes of Germ Cell Tumors and M/C

A

Teratoma - M/C
Dysgerminoma
Yolk sac tumor
Embryonal Tumor
Sex cord tumors - Granulosa cell tumors, Sertoli Leydig cell tumor

54
Q

Most common tumor of Pregnancy and Torsion

A

Teratoma

55
Q

Teratoma is benign or malignant?

A

10% Malignant
90% Dermoid/Benign cystic Teratoma

56
Q

Germ layers involved in Teratoma

A

Involves all germ layer derivatives - may have bone, teeth, sebaceous secretions, hairs in it

57
Q

Most common cause of Germ cell malignancy

A

Dysgerminoma (40-45%)
Only B/L germ cell malignancy (10-15%)

58
Q

Dysgerminoma is associated with

A

Dysgenic gonads

59
Q

Type of cells in Dysgerminoma

A

Have Seminoma type of cells - large polygonal cells, Clear cytoplasm and dark staining nuclei with back to back arrangement

60
Q

Dysgerminoma is associated with increase in which markers

A

LDH
Placental Alkaline phosphatase
AFP not increased

61
Q

Yolk sac tumor AKA

A

Endodermal sinus tumor

62
Q

Markers increased in case of Yolk sac tumor

A

AFP
Alpha 1 antitrypsin - more specific

63
Q

Bodies seen in case of Yolk sac tumor

A

Schiller duval bodies

64
Q

Yolk sac tumor and Embryonal tumors are usually seen in which age group and prognosis

A

Seen in young women, girls
Poor prognosis

65
Q

Markers increased in case of Embryonal tumor

A

AFP
HCG - more specific

66
Q

Subtypes of Sex cord tumors

A

Granulosa cell tumors
Sertoli/Leydig cell tumor

67
Q

Estrogen levels in Granulosa cell tumors and results in

A

Estrogen level increases - Precocious puberty, Menorrhagia, Predisposes to endometrial cancer

68
Q

Marker for Granulosa cell tumors

A

Inhibin

69
Q

Bodies seen in case of Granulosa cell tumors

A

Carlexner bodies

70
Q

Sertoli Leydig cell tumor AKA

A

Androgen producing Arrhenoblastoma

71
Q

Sertoli Leydig cell tumor C/F

A

Hirsutism/Virilization
Oligomenorrhea to Amenorrhea

72
Q

Difference between Hirsutism and Virilization

A

Hirsutism - Reversible
Virilization - Permanent changes (Hoarseness of voice, Breast changes,Clitromegaly)

73
Q

Causes of Rapid onset Hirsutism

A

Ovarian tumor
Adrenal Tumors

74
Q

Causes of Puberty Hirsutism

A

Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia

75
Q

Cause of Adult onset Hirsutism

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

76
Q

Overall M/C of Hirsutism

A

PCOS

77
Q

Non-Neoplastic Ovarian cysts includes

A

Follicular cyst
Corpus luteal cyst
Theca lutein cyst
Hemorrhagic cyst

78
Q

Theca lutein is seen due to increased

A

hCG
Can be seen in molar pregnancy or twins

79
Q

Most common ovarian tumor of Pregnancy

A

Dermoid then serous cyst

80
Q

Management in pregnancy If Tumor is small (<5cm) and asymptomatic

A

No treatment is required

81
Q

Management in pregnancy If Tumor is large (>10cm) and asymptomatic

A

Remove in 2nd trimester

82
Q

Management in pregnancy If Tumor is largev(>10cm) and diagnosed in 3rd trimester

A

Postnatal within 1-2 wks or along with a C section

83
Q

Most common tumor secondary to Ovary

A

Ca Stomach > Ca breast
Krukenberg tumor

84
Q

Histological finding in case of Krukenberg tumor

A

Signet ring cells

85
Q

Features of Borderline epithelial ovarian Tumors

A

Epithelial hyperplasia
Mitotic activity in cells, Nuclear atypia
Detached cell clusters
No destructive stromal inclusion

Obstetrics And Gynecology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions