Ovarian Cancer Flashcards
5 year survival rate of ovarian cancer
30%
At all stages
At what age does ovarian cancer rarely present under?
30 years
Patients from high risk families account for 5-10% of ovarian cancer cases. What are the genetic syndromes/mutations associated with risk of ovarian cancer?
HNPCC/Lynch Type II Familial Cancer Syndrome
BRCA1
BRCA 2
Name 2 protective factors for ovarian cancer
OCP
Pregnancy
Why is the OCP and pregancy protective from ovarian cancer?
Ovaries dormant
Symptoms of ovarian cancer
Indigestion/early satiety/poor appetite
Altered bowel habit/pain
Bloating/discomfort/weight gain
Pelvic mass
Some symptoms of ovarian cancer are common to IBS, how do you differentiate?
IBS symptoms outwith usual age group
What issues can a pelvic mass pose in ovarian cancer?
Asymptomatic
Present late
May result in pressure symptoms
How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?
Surgical/Pathological Ultasound Abdomen and Pelvis CT CA125 Surgery
What imaging techniques can be used in daignosis of ovarian cancer?
Us Abdomen and Pelvis
CT
Which lab result is used to diagnose ovarian cancer?
CA125
What is CA125?
A glycoprotein antigen raised in malignancies and benign conditions
In which malignancies will CA125 be raised?
Ovary
Colon
Pancreas
Breast
In which benign conditions will CA125 be raised?
Menstruation Endometriosis Pelvic inflammatory Disease Liver disease Recent surgery Effusions
How is the Risk of Malignancy Index calculated for Ovarian cancer?
RMI = No. of Ultrasound features x Menopausal Status x CA125
RMI= U x M x CA125
What 5 features may be found on ultrasound in ovarian cancer?
Multilocular Solid areas Bilateral Ascites Intraabdominal
Describe Stages 1 to 4 in Ovarian Cancer Staging
1- Limited to ovaries with capsule intact
2- One or both ovaries with pelvic extension
3- One or both ovaries with peritoneal implants outside pelvis or with nodes
4- Distant metastasis
Treatment for Ovarian Cancer
Surgery
Chemotherapy
What type of surgery is used in treatment of ovarian cancer
Laparaotomy
Diagnosis
Staging
Disease clearance
Debulk disease
Describe the types of chemotherapy used to treat ovarian cancer
Neoadjuvant
Adjuvant - First line Platinum and Taxane (Taxol)
Within 8 weeks of surgery
What are the treatment options in instance of recurrence of ovarian cancer?
Rechallenge with chemo
Palliation
Platinum if longer than 6 months
Tamoxifen
What prophylaxis can be offered to women at high risk of ovarian cancer?
Oopherectomy
Why is screening not recommended for ovarian cancer?
No premalignant stage
Not specific or sensitive
Is a unilocular cyst considered benign or malignant?
Benign
