Ovarian Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
What are the different classes of ovarian neoplasm?
A
- Epithelial
- Germ cell
- Sex rod-stromal
- Metastatic
- Miscellaneous
2
Q
What are the types and subtypes of epithelium neoplasms?
A
3
Q
What are the types and subtypes of germ cell neoplasms?
A
4
Q
What are the types of subtypes of sex cord-stroma neoplasms?
A
5
Q
Epidemiology of Ovarian Cancer
A
- 600 cases in Scotland per Yr
- Rare <30 years
- Poor prognosis as its diagnosed later in life
6
Q
What are risk factors for ovarian cancer?
A
- Family history/genetics
- HNPCC/Lynch type II familial cancer syndrome
- BRCA1
- BRCA2
- Never having children
- Hormonal therapy after menopause
- Fertility medication
- Obesity
7
Q
What genes put you more at risk of ovarian cancer?
A
- HNPCC/Lynch type II familial cancer syndrome
- BRCA1
- BRCA2
8
Q
Describe the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer?
A
- Most originate from fallopian tube
- Some derive from pre-existing benign ovarian cysts
9
Q
Where do most ovarian cancers originate?
A
- Most originate from fallopian tube
- Some derive from pre-existing benign ovarian cysts
10
Q
What is the presentation of ovarian cancer?
A
- Indigestion/early satiety (early fullness when eating)/poor appetite
- Altered bowel habit/pain
- Bloating/discomfort/weight gain
- Pelvis mass
- Pressure symptoms
11
Q
What investigations are done for ovarian cancer?
A
- Diagnosed by
- Surgical/pathological
- US scan abdomen and pelvis
- CT scan
- Blood test – CA125 (glycol-protein antigen)
- Indicator of malignancy for ovary (epithelial tumours), colon/pancreas or breast cancer), or benign conditions such as menstruation/endometriosis/PID, liver disease
- Surgery
12
Q
What blood test is used to diagnose ovarian cancer?
A
- Blood test – CA125 (glycol-protein antigen)
- Indicator of malignancy for ovary (epithelial tumours), colon/pancreas or breast cancer), or benign conditions such as menstruation/endometriosis/PID, liver disease
13
Q
What is CA 125 an indicator of?
A
- Indicator of malignancy for ovary (epithelial tumours), colon/pancreas or breast cancer), or benign conditions such as menstruation/endometriosis/PID, liver disease
14
Q
What are the different stages of ovarian cancer?
A
15
Q
Describe the management for ovarian cancer?
A
- Depends on type of tumour, grade and stage, guided by RMI score
- RMI score is product of US score (multi-locular, solid areas, bilateral, ascites, intra-abdominal), menopausal status and CA 125 level)
- Surgery
- Laparotomy (large incision on abdomen)
- To obtain tissue diagnosis, stage disease, disease clearance, debulk disease
- Laparotomy (large incision on abdomen)
- Chemotherapy
- Adjuvant and neo-adjuvant
- First line is platinum and taxane (taxol)
18
Q
Describe the prognosis of ovarian cancer?
A
- Depends on type of tumour (benign/malignant/borderline), tumour grade and tumour stage
- Worst prognosis for a cancer of female reproductive tract
- Cure rates by stage
