Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Flashcards
What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?
BRCA1 mutation BRCA2 mutation Increasing age FHx ovarian cancer FHx breast cancer Never used OCP Lynch II syndrome WEAKVIEW ALL Nulliparity Obesity Hormone therapy
What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?
Pelvic mass (adnexal mass felt on VE) GI symptoms such as bloating, early satiety, dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhoea and constipation Urinary urgency Ascites Pleural Effusion
What is CA 125 and in what conditions is it raised in?
Glycoprotein that can be used as a marker for conditions and to monitor treatments
Ovarian cancer
Colon cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Breast cancer
Benign conditions such as menstruation, endometriosis/PID
Liver disease/recent surgery/effusions
What investigations should be done for ovarian cancer?
Pelvic US CT CA 125 Histopathology PET scan
What are the stages of ovarian cancer?
1-Limited to ovaries with capsule intact/- cytology
2-One or both ovaries with pelvic extension-
3-One or both ovaries with peritoneal implants outside pelvis or + nodes
4-Distant metastasis
What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer?
Overweight and obesity Age >50 years Endometrial hyperplasia Unopposed endogenous oestrogen Unopposed exogenous oestrogen Tamoxifen use (post-menopausal women) Insulin resistance Family history of endometrial cancer Family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer Family history of hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome) Family history of PTEN syndromes Polycystic ovary syndrome Radiotherapy Inactivity Nulliparity and infertility White ethnicity
What are the symptoms of endometrial cancer?
Post menopausal vaginal bleeding Uterine Masses/adnexal masses Abnormal bleeding in pre menopausal Abdominal or pelvic pain Weight loss Signs of metastatic disease
What investigations should be done in endometrial cancer?
Transvaginal scan to measure endometrial thickness (only in post menopausal) and contours Endometrial biopsy with histopathology Hysteroscopy FBC Pap smear (abnormal cervical cytology)
What is the management of endometrial cancer?
Hysterectomy
Bilateral Salpingoophorectomy
Peritoneal Washings
What is the prelude to endometrial carcinoma?
Endometrial Hyperplasia
