Embryology

Question 1

What is the cloaca?

Answer 1

Is the common opening for the gut tube and the urogenital system
Becomes the rectum and urogenital sinus

Question 2

What does the allantois become when the umbilical cord is cut?

Answer 2

Remains as the urachas which travels from the bladder to the umbilical cord, forms the median umbilical ligament when seen with the peritoneum

Question 3

What do germ cells migrate into the gonadal ridge to make?

Answer 3

Indifferent gonad

Germ cells migrate from the yolk sac

Question 4

What are different names for the mesonephric or paramesonephric tubes?

Answer 4

Mesonephric- Wolffian Duct

Paramesonephric- Mullerian

Question 5

What do the indifferent gonads, paramesonephric and mesonephric duct become in males and females?

Answer 5

Gonads- ovaries and testis
Paramesonephric- degenerates in males, forms the fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and part of vagina
Mesonephric- degenerates in females, becomes the vas deferens and seminal vesicles in males

Question 6

How does the indifferent gonad know to develop into either testis or ovaries?

Answer 6

The Y chromosome in males has a SRY code that codes for the TDF (testis determining factor)
In females as the Y chromosome is absent, there is no TDF so the indifferent gonads naturally develop into ovaries

Question 7

Via what structure do the gonads descend in both genders and what does this structure then go on to form?

Answer 7

Gubernaculum

Round and ovarian ligament of the uterus