Outline 16 Flashcards
What do the muscles in the foot act as?
dynamic ligaments
Main foot blood supply
anterior + posterior tibial a
Main foot NS
tibial
common peroneal
femoral n
hindfoot + midfoot =
tarsals
what three parts is the foot divided into
hindfoot
midfoot
forefoot
hindfoot
calcenus + talus
midfoot
navicular
cuboid
3 cunieforms
forefoot
metatarsals (5)
phalanges (14)
what joints are found in the talus?
talocrural
subotalar
transverse tarsal
Where is talocrural found
ankle joint
where is subtalor found
underneath: talus+calcaneus
anteriorly: talus + navicular
where is transverse tarsal found
transversing tarsals
btwn talus + calcaneus AND cuboid + navicular
where is head of talus
anteriorly, articulating with navicular
where is body of talus
posteriorly, articulating with calcaneus in subtalor jt
where is neck of talus
behind head
What is special about talus?
NO, absolutely NO muscle attachments
bad bad bad if you break, good news is though that you don’t break too often
which muscle passes through susentaculum tali
FHL, acts like a pulley for it
what is the tuber calcaneus
part of heel (calcaneus) that comes in contact with the ground
what purpose does the navicular tuberosity serve
attachment for tibias posterior
why does cuboid have a groove
for peroneus longus to pass underneath to attach to great toe
shape of cuneiform
medial: narrow top, wide bottom
intermediate: wide top, narrow bottom
lateral: wide top, narrow bottom
intrinsic foot muscles - dorsal
EDB
intrinsic foot muscles- plantar layer 1
abductor hallicus
FDB
abductor digiti minimi
intrinsic foot muscles - plantar layer 2
quadratus plantae
lumbricals
intrinsic foot mucles- plantar layer 3
adductor hallicus (trans + obli)
FDM
FHB
intrinsic foot muscles- plantar layer 4
dorsal interossei
plantar interossei
layer 1 NS
medial plantar n: abd hallicus, FDB
lateral plantar: abd digit minimi
layer 2 NS
all lateral plantar
EXCEPT medial plantar: :lumbrical toe 2
layer 3 NS
lateral plantar: FDM, add hallicus
medial plantar: FHB
layer 4 NS
lateral plantar
layer 4 FN
dorsal: abduction (DAB)
plantar: adduction (PAD)
Retinacula
superior + inferior extensor retinacula
flexor retinacula
superior + inferior peroneal retinacula
FN sup/inf extensor retinacula
hold in place extrinsic tendons of dorsiflexors
FN of fibular reti
keep in place T, D, A, N ,H
location of sup. ext. reti
band of transverse orientated fascia of deep leg
ori/ins inf ext reti
ori: lateral malleolus
INS:
superior - medial mallelos
inf- plantar fascia
location of fibular reti
connect medial malleolus to medial calcaneus
location sup peroneal ret
lateral malleolus to lateral calcaneus
location of inf peroneal reti
calcaneus to calcaneus
Joints of the ankle
1 +2 ankle mortise
- prox tib/fib
- distal tib/fib
- talocrural
prox tib/fib jt type
plane jt
prox tib/fib FN
fibular rotation
up + down hiding
distal tib/fib jt type
syndesmois jt
which means fibrous
distal tib/fib ligaments
ant tib/fib
post tib/fib
interosseous –> STRONGEST… in fact so strong that tibia or fibula will break instead of ligament
Talocrural jt type
hinge joint
4 collateral ligaments in ankle… what are they?
1 medial collateral
3 lateral collateral
what are the parts of the medial collateral
3 parts
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
ant/post tibiotalar
what part of calcaneus does tibiocalcaneal go to
susentaculum tali
lateral collateral ligaments
ant/post talofibular
calcaneofibular
FN of medial collaterals
resist eversion
FN of lateral collaterals
resist inversion
most common damage is in (a) in (b) collateral ligaments
(a) anterior talofibular
(b) lateral collateral ligaments
sprained ankle
FN of medial + lateral collateral ligs
dorsiflexion
plantarflexion
Which vein travels with the saphenous nerve
great saphenous vein
where does the great saphenous vein end
femoral v in femoral triangle
what nerve travels with the small saphenous vein
sural n
what branch does the sural n stem from
femoral n
where does the small saphenous v end
popliteal v in popliteal fossa
subtalar jt type
plane joint
transverse tarsal (what two jts make it) what jt is it
talonavicular
calcaneocuboid
plane jt
intertarsal
plane jt
tarsal metatarsal
plane jt
intermetarsal
plane jt
metarsophalangeal
CONDYLOID jt
interphalangeal
HINGE JOINTTTTTTT
CURVE BALLAAA
metatarsal phalangeal jt is reinforced by
fibrous capsule
medial and collateral lig
deep transverse metatarsal log
plantar plates
interphalangeal jt is reinforced by
plantar plates
medial and collateral ligaments
fibrous capsule
Function of the plantar aponeurosis
protect sole of the foot (a, v, n)
provide support for the longitudinal arches
make foot rigid
other word for plantar aponeurosis
plantaris longus
palmar ligaments
spring ligament short + long plantar lig palmar aponeurosis (plantaris longus) acting as a ligament
Extrinsic flexor tendons
FDL
FHL
peroneous longus
tibialis posterior
Extrinsic extensor tendons
EHL
EHB
Tibialis anterior
What are the three arches of the foot
middle arch
lateral arch
transerse arch
Middle Arch
ligaments
keystone
pillar
lig: spring ligament (plantar calcaneocuboid log)
keystone: talus
pillars
- calcaneus
- MT 1-3
Transverse Arch
ligaments
keystone
pillar
ligaments: peroneous longus
keystone: middle cunieform
pillars:
- cuboid (laterally)
- MEDial cunieform
Lateral Arch
ligaments
keystone
pillar
ligaments: short and long plantar ligaments
keystone: cuboid
pillar
- calcaneus
- MT 4-5
short plantar ligaments from where to where
Calcaneus to cuboid
long plantar ligament from where to where
Calcaneus to cuboid + MT 2-5
short and later plantar pigs are part of which joint?
calcaneoucuboid (transverse tarsal jt)
