Outline 15 Flashcards
The fibula is/ is not part of the knee joint
IS NOT
Which malleolus in the leg is bigger,
medial or lateral?
medial malleolus is bigger
The tibia and the fibula are like the (a) in the (b)
(a) ulna and radius
(b) arm
The head of the fibula has a styloid process which is most like the (a) in the (b) because (c)
(a) styloid process
(b) ulna
(c) head of the ulna is next to its styloid process …the radius also has a styloid process but it is in the opposite direction of the head
Tibia is like the (a) in that it is subcutaneous all the way down and helps create the boundaries
Ulna
What are the 4 compartments in the leg
(a) crural interosseous membrane
(b) anterior interosseous septum
(c) posterior interosseous septum
(d) transverse crural intermuscular septum aka deep transverse fascia
Crural interosseous membrane separates….
anterior from posterior leg
Anterior interosseous septum separates (a)…
Connects (b) ?
(a) anterior from lateral leg
(b) connects fibula to deep transverse fascia
Posterior interosseous septum separates (a)
(a) lateral from posterior leg
Transverse crural intermuscular septum separates (a)
connects (b)
(a) posterior compartment: superficial from deep
(b) connects fibula to tibia
Anterior compartment NS
deep peroneal n
Anterior compartment BS
anterior tibial a
Anterior compartment FN
dorsiflexion
Also…
tibialis anterior assists with inversion
peroneous tertius assist peroneous longus + brevis with eversion
Anterior compartment muscles
EHL
EDL
tibialis anterior
peroneous tertius
Three special things about tibialis anterior
- strongest of the dorsiflexors
2. works with tibialis posterior to (3) contribute to inversion
EDL is most like (a) in the (b)
(a) ED
(b) hand
EHL is most like (a) in the (b)
(a) EPL
(b) hand
Lateral compartment NS
superficial peroneal n
Lateral compartment BS
peroneal a
Lateral compartment FN
eversion
Lateral compartment muscles
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
Peroneous (a) is a bigger muscle because it starts more (b) and attaches to (c) and because of this has greater (d) than peroneous (e) which starts more (f)
(a) longus
(b) proximally
(c) it attaches to the hallicus, the brevis attachers to the 5th metacarpal
(d) leverage
(e) brevis
(f) distally
Posterior compartment NS
tibial n
Posterior compartment BS*
posterior tibial a
*popliteal a for gastroc and popliteus
Posterior compartment FN
special exception?
plantarflexion
popliteus - unlocks knee
Posterior compartment muscles
Superficial
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
- popliteus
Deep
- FHL
- FDL
- tibialis posterior
Triceps surae
gastroc + soleus
(a) + (b) cross the knee in the superficial layer while (c) does not
(a) gastroc
(b) popliteus
(c) soleus
additional action of gastric and popliteus not seen in (c)
knee flexion (c) soleus - only does plantar flexion
FDL is like (a) in (b)
(a) FDP
(b) arm
FHL is like (a) in (b)
(a) FPL
(b) arm
plantaris is like (a) in (b)
(a) palmaris longus
(b) arm
Popliteus origin
lateral condyle of femur
Popliteus instertion
proximal posterior tibia
Popliteus action
hint: 2
normal: rotate tibia medially (internal rotation)
reverse: rotate tibia laterally (external femur rotation)
Tibialis posterior is like (a) in (b)
ASK!!
Five genicular branches?
superior and inferior medial genicular
super and inferior lateral genicular
middle genicular
Anterior tibial branches
hint: 5
anterior tibial recurrent
superior and inferior medial malleolus
superior and inferior lateral malleolus
Anterior tibial travels between (a) and (b) muscles and travels with (c) nerve
(a) EHL
(b) tibialis anterior
(c) deep peroneal n
Anterior tibial a ends in
doraslis pedis a
Anterior tibial a supplies (a) compartmetn
anterior compartment
(a) tibial a is the bigger of the two tibial arteries (post + ant)
(a) posterior tibial a
Posterior tibial branches
hint: 5
fibular/peroneal nutrient malleolar calcaneous circumflex fibular
fibular/peroneal supplies
peroneus longus/brevis
What makes the nutrient a in the lower leg/foot special
biggest of the nutrient a in body
posterior tibial ends in
lateral and medial plantar a
What are the superficial veins
dorsal venous arch
great saphenous v
small saphenous
great saphenous v. pathway
great saphenous –> femoral v –> femoral triangle
great saphenous v. travels with (a) nerve
saphenous n
great saphenous v. orientation
anterior to medial malleolus
small saphenous pathway
small saphenous –> popliteal v –> popliteal fossa
small saphenous travels with (a) n
sural n
small saphenous orientation
posterior to lateral malleolus
medial and lateral condyles in the tibia are separated by
intercondylar tubercles
knee joint is like the (a) joint but (b)
(a) elbow joint
(b) 2 jts instead of 3 jts
elbow jt
2 hinge joints: humeroradial, humeroulnar
1 ball-socket: proximal radioulnar
Knee joints
- tibiofemoral
2. patellofemoral
Type of jt tibiofemoral
modified hinge joint
hinge jt –> uniaxial jt –> diarthroses
Type of jt patellofemoral
plane jt
plane jt –> triaxial –> diarthroses
FN of tibiofemoral
flexion, extension
FN of patellofemoral
slide up during knee extension
Functions of patella
- protection
- increase leverage of quads by 30%
- reduce friction
Functions of menisci
- reduce friction
- shock absorption
- increase fit (congruence)
Knee locking
happens in last 30* most evident in last 5*
conjuct knee rotation is like (a) in the (b)
(a) passive rotation
(b) the shoulder
Knee capsular ligaments
coronary arcutae popliteal oblique politeal patellar retinacular deep/ capsular parts
Coronary
connects menisci to jt capsule
arcuate popliteal
seals popliteals muscle to jt capsule
connects: head of fibula to lat EPIcondyle of femur
oblique politeal
backwards projection of semitendinous that reinforces to jt capsule
patellar retinacular
seal quadriceps tendon to jt capsule
Major knee ligaments
COLLATERAL
tibial collateral
fibular collatera
INTERNAL
anterior cruciate
posterior cruciate
TENDONS ACTING LIKE LIGS
tendon of ITB
pes anserinus
tibial collateral lig
medial epicondyle of femur to prox medial tibia
prevents tibial ABDduction
fibular collateral lig
lateral femoral epicondyle to fibular head
prevents tibial ADDuction
Anterior cruciate ligament
tibial ori: anterior
femur att: lateral
protects: extension
Posterior cruciate ligament
tibial ori: posterior
femur att: medial
protects: flexion
Knee bursae
anserine politeus, gastroc, semimem suprapatellar subcutaneous prepatellar subcutaneous infrapatellar deep infrapatellar
anserine
pes anserius to tibia
suprapatellar
quadriceps tendon and femur
subcutaneus prepatellar
skin and in front of patella
subcutaneous infrapatellar
skin and patellar ligament
deep infrapatellar
patellar ligament and tibia
Standing
- action
- reinforcers
extension
ant cruciate lig + post jt capsule
Bent knee
flexion
posterior cruciate, politeus, add muscles, ITB,
Unhappy triad injured muscles
anterior cruciate
tibial collateral lig
medial meniscus
testing: ant cruciate
push forward, tibia coming out
testing: post cruciate
push leg back, tibia coming out
Borders of popliteal fossa
gastroc
semiten
semimem
biceps femoris
Floor of popliteal fossa
distal posterior femur
joint capsule
oblique popliteal lit
popliteus muscle
Roof of popliteal fossa
popliteal fascia
deep fascia (super strong)
superficial fascia aka skin
Contents of popliteal fossa genicular branches
superior and inferior later genicular a.’s
superior and inferior medial genicular a.’s
middle genicular a.
Contents of popliteal fossa veins
popliteal vein: small saphenous v
Contents of popliteal fossa nerves
Sciatic n
Tibial
- medial sural cut
- articular branch
- muscular branch to gastroc + plantaris
Common peroneal
- fibular communicating branch
- lateral sural cutaneous n.
sural n
post femoral cut n
lymph nodes + fat
The (a) wraps around the neck of the fibula and is a branch of the (b)
(a) circumflex fibular a
(b) posterior tibial a
