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GA lecture-elpida > Outline 15 > Flashcards

Outline 15 Flashcards

1
Q

The fibula is/ is not part of the knee joint

A

IS NOT

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2
Q

Which malleolus in the leg is bigger,

medial or lateral?

A

medial malleolus is bigger

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3
Q

The tibia and the fibula are like the (a) in the (b)

A

(a) ulna and radius

(b) arm

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4
Q

The head of the fibula has a styloid process which is most like the (a) in the (b) because (c)

A

(a) styloid process
(b) ulna
(c) head of the ulna is next to its styloid process …the radius also has a styloid process but it is in the opposite direction of the head

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5
Q

Tibia is like the (a) in that it is subcutaneous all the way down and helps create the boundaries

A

Ulna

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6
Q

What are the 4 compartments in the leg

A

(a) crural interosseous membrane
(b) anterior interosseous septum
(c) posterior interosseous septum
(d) transverse crural intermuscular septum aka deep transverse fascia

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7
Q

Crural interosseous membrane separates….

A

anterior from posterior leg

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8
Q

Anterior interosseous septum separates (a)…

Connects (b) ?

A

(a) anterior from lateral leg

(b) connects fibula to deep transverse fascia

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9
Q

Posterior interosseous septum separates (a)

A

(a) lateral from posterior leg

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10
Q

Transverse crural intermuscular septum separates (a)

connects (b)

A

(a) posterior compartment: superficial from deep

(b) connects fibula to tibia

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11
Q

Anterior compartment NS

A

deep peroneal n

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12
Q

Anterior compartment BS

A

anterior tibial a

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13
Q

Anterior compartment FN

A

dorsiflexion

Also…
tibialis anterior assists with inversion
peroneous tertius assist peroneous longus + brevis with eversion

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14
Q

Anterior compartment muscles

A

EHL
EDL
tibialis anterior
peroneous tertius

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15
Q

Three special things about tibialis anterior

A
  1. strongest of the dorsiflexors

2. works with tibialis posterior to (3) contribute to inversion

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16
Q

EDL is most like (a) in the (b)

A

(a) ED

(b) hand

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17
Q

EHL is most like (a) in the (b)

A

(a) EPL

(b) hand

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18
Q

Lateral compartment NS

A

superficial peroneal n

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19
Q

Lateral compartment BS

A

peroneal a

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20
Q

Lateral compartment FN

A

eversion

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21
Q

Lateral compartment muscles

A

peroneus longus

peroneus brevis

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22
Q

Peroneous (a) is a bigger muscle because it starts more (b) and attaches to (c) and because of this has greater (d) than peroneous (e) which starts more (f)

A

(a) longus
(b) proximally
(c) it attaches to the hallicus, the brevis attachers to the 5th metacarpal
(d) leverage
(e) brevis
(f) distally

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23
Q

Posterior compartment NS

A

tibial n

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24
Q

Posterior compartment BS*

A

posterior tibial a

*popliteal a for gastroc and popliteus

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25
Q

Posterior compartment FN

special exception?

A

plantarflexion

popliteus - unlocks knee

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26
Q

Posterior compartment muscles

A

Superficial

  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
  • popliteus

Deep

  • FHL
  • FDL
  • tibialis posterior
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27
Q

Triceps surae

A

gastroc + soleus

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28
Q

(a) + (b) cross the knee in the superficial layer while (c) does not

A

(a) gastroc
(b) popliteus
(c) soleus

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29
Q

additional action of gastric and popliteus not seen in (c)

A 
knee flexion
(c) soleus - only does plantar flexion
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30
Q

FDL is like (a) in (b)

A

(a) FDP

(b) arm

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31
Q

FHL is like (a) in (b)

A

(a) FPL

(b) arm

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32
Q

plantaris is like (a) in (b)

A

(a) palmaris longus

(b) arm

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33
Q

Popliteus origin

A

lateral condyle of femur

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34
Q

Popliteus instertion

A

proximal posterior tibia

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35
Q

Popliteus action

hint: 2

A

normal: rotate tibia medially (internal rotation)
reverse: rotate tibia laterally (external femur rotation)

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36
Q

Tibialis posterior is like (a) in (b)

A

ASK!!

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37
Q

Five genicular branches?

A

superior and inferior medial genicular
super and inferior lateral genicular
middle genicular

38
Q

Anterior tibial branches

hint: 5

A

anterior tibial recurrent
superior and inferior medial malleolus
superior and inferior lateral malleolus

39
Q

Anterior tibial travels between (a) and (b) muscles and travels with (c) nerve

A

(a) EHL
(b) tibialis anterior
(c) deep peroneal n

40
Q

Anterior tibial a ends in

A

doraslis pedis a

41
Q

Anterior tibial a supplies (a) compartmetn

A

anterior compartment

42
Q

(a) tibial a is the bigger of the two tibial arteries (post + ant)

A

(a) posterior tibial a

43
Q

Posterior tibial branches

hint: 5

A 
fibular/peroneal
nutrient
malleolar
calcaneous
circumflex fibular
44
Q

fibular/peroneal supplies

A

peroneus longus/brevis

45
Q

What makes the nutrient a in the lower leg/foot special

A

biggest of the nutrient a in body

46
Q

posterior tibial ends in

A

lateral and medial plantar a

47
Q

What are the superficial veins

A

dorsal venous arch
great saphenous v
small saphenous

48
Q

great saphenous v. pathway

A

great saphenous –> femoral v –> femoral triangle

49
Q

great saphenous v. travels with (a) nerve

A

saphenous n

50
Q

great saphenous v. orientation

A

anterior to medial malleolus

51
Q

small saphenous pathway

A

small saphenous –> popliteal v –> popliteal fossa

52
Q

small saphenous travels with (a) n

A

sural n

53
Q

small saphenous orientation

A

posterior to lateral malleolus

54
Q

medial and lateral condyles in the tibia are separated by

A

intercondylar tubercles

55
Q

knee joint is like the (a) joint but (b)

A

(a) elbow joint
(b) 2 jts instead of 3 jts

elbow jt
2 hinge joints: humeroradial, humeroulnar
1 ball-socket: proximal radioulnar

56
Q

Knee joints

A
  1. tibiofemoral

2. patellofemoral

57
Q

Type of jt tibiofemoral

A

modified hinge joint

hinge jt –> uniaxial jt –> diarthroses

58
Q

Type of jt patellofemoral

A

plane jt

plane jt –> triaxial –> diarthroses

59
Q

FN of tibiofemoral

A

flexion, extension

60
Q

FN of patellofemoral

A

slide up during knee extension

61
Q

Functions of patella

A
  1. protection
  2. increase leverage of quads by 30%
  3. reduce friction
62
Q

Functions of menisci

A
  1. reduce friction
  2. shock absorption
  3. increase fit (congruence)
63
Q

Knee locking

A

happens in last 30* most evident in last 5*

64
Q

conjuct knee rotation is like (a) in the (b)

A

(a) passive rotation

(b) the shoulder

65
Q

Knee capsular ligaments

A 
coronary
arcutae popliteal
oblique politeal
patellar retinacular
deep/ capsular parts
66
Q

Coronary

A

connects menisci to jt capsule

67
Q

arcuate popliteal

A

seals popliteals muscle to jt capsule

connects: head of fibula to lat EPIcondyle of femur

68
Q

oblique politeal

A

backwards projection of semitendinous that reinforces to jt capsule

69
Q

patellar retinacular

A

seal quadriceps tendon to jt capsule

70
Q

Major knee ligaments

A

COLLATERAL
tibial collateral
fibular collatera

INTERNAL
anterior cruciate
posterior cruciate

TENDONS ACTING LIKE LIGS
tendon of ITB
pes anserinus

71
Q

tibial collateral lig

A

medial epicondyle of femur to prox medial tibia

prevents tibial ABDduction

72
Q

fibular collateral lig

A

lateral femoral epicondyle to fibular head

prevents tibial ADDuction

73
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

tibial ori: anterior
femur att: lateral
protects: extension

74
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

tibial ori: posterior
femur att: medial
protects: flexion

75
Q

Knee bursae

A 
anserine
politeus, gastroc, semimem
suprapatellar
subcutaneous prepatellar
subcutaneous infrapatellar
deep infrapatellar
76
Q

anserine

A

pes anserius to tibia

77
Q

suprapatellar

A

quadriceps tendon and femur

78
Q

subcutaneus prepatellar

A

skin and in front of patella

79
Q

subcutaneous infrapatellar

A

skin and patellar ligament

80
Q

deep infrapatellar

A

patellar ligament and tibia

81
Q

Standing

  • action
  • reinforcers
A

extension

ant cruciate lig + post jt capsule

82
Q

Bent knee

A

flexion

posterior cruciate, politeus, add muscles, ITB,

83
Q

Unhappy triad injured muscles

A

anterior cruciate
tibial collateral lig
medial meniscus

84
Q

testing: ant cruciate

A

push forward, tibia coming out

85
Q

testing: post cruciate

A

push leg back, tibia coming out

86
Q

Borders of popliteal fossa

A

gastroc
semiten
semimem
biceps femoris

87
Q

Floor of popliteal fossa

A

distal posterior femur
joint capsule
oblique popliteal lit
popliteus muscle

88
Q

Roof of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal fascia
deep fascia (super strong)
superficial fascia aka skin

89
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa genicular branches

A

superior and inferior later genicular a.’s
superior and inferior medial genicular a.’s
middle genicular a.

90
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa veins

A

popliteal vein: small saphenous v

91
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa nerves

A

Sciatic n

Tibial

  • medial sural cut
  • articular branch
  • muscular branch to gastroc + plantaris

Common peroneal

  • fibular communicating branch
  • lateral sural cutaneous n.

sural n
post femoral cut n
lymph nodes + fat

92
Q

The (a) wraps around the neck of the fibula and is a branch of the (b)

A

(a) circumflex fibular a

(b) posterior tibial a

GA lecture-elpida (4 decks)

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