Outline 1: Terminology and Connective Tissue

Question 1

What is the transverse/horizontal plane?

Answer 1

Separates lower and upper body

Question 2

What is the frontal/coronal plane?

Answer 2

Separates posterior and anterior

Question 3

What is the medial/saggital plane?

Answer 3

Separates Left from Right of body

Question 4

What is flexion v extension?

Answer 4

In the first, the angle of the joint gets smaller, in the latter the angle made by the joint gets larger

Question 5

What is adDuction versus aBduction?

Answer 5

In the first, you are moving the body part TOWARD the midline. In the latter you are moving the body part AWAY from the midline

Question 6

What is supination v pronation?

Answer 6

In the first your hands point upward, in the latter your hands point downwards

Question 7

What is the function of connective tissue?

Answer 7

To connect, protect, and support body and organs.

To store energy reserves as fat

Question 8

What are the components of connective tissue?

Answer 8

Cells in a matrix made of fibers (collagen and/or elastin) and ground substance

Question 9

What are the two types of connective tissue?

Answer 9

Proper- tough,compliant, ground substance is a thin gel

Specialized- solid, resists tension and compression,

Question 10

What are the types of Proper Connective Tissue?

Answer 10

Loose- only connects does not support, adipose storage,SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
Dense- fibers dominate, resists tension

Question 11

What are the types of Specialized Connective Tissue?

Answer 11

Cartilage- ground substance is firm, cells are chondrocytes, and NO blood/nerve supply (cant regenerate)
Bone- ground substance impregnated with inorganic salts, cells are osteocytes, abundant blood and nerve supply

Question 12

What are types of Dense connective tissue?

Answer 12

Deep Fascia- envelops muscle, called SEPTAE in limbs
Tendons- muscle-bone, fibers more parallel
Ligaments- bone-bone, dense parallel collagen (except Ligamentum Flavum), joint capsules

Question 13

What are the types of cartilage?

Answer 13

Hyaline- on all articulating surfaces, reduce friction, no fibers
Fibrocartilage- shock absorber, denser, very little blood and nerve supply peripherally, only collagen fibers
Elastic- external ear, and distal nose

Question 14

What are the parts of bone?

Answer 14

Spongy- center, has marrow, nutrient A

Cortex- hard/dense, periosteal A

Question 15

Aponeurosis

Answer 15

layered sheet-like connective tissue where layers are of different orientations. Functions like a tendon. Ex- at the bicep

Question 16

Bursae

Answer 16

connective tissue sacs filled with synovial fluid, can be deep (protect tendons from friction) or subQ (between bone and skin).

Question 17

tendon sheaths

Answer 17

bursa like structure that envelop entire tendons

Question 18

How does the body repair a fracture?

Answer 18

6-8 hrs- hematoma forms
until 3 weeks- fibrocartilagenous callus formation with spongy bone trabecule and new blood vessels
3-4 months- bony callus formation and new blood vessels
finally remodeling

Question 19

What are the 5 functions of bone?

Answer 19

protection, support, mechanical basis of movement, blood cell development, mineral storage.

Question 20

Classifying bones based on shape?

Answer 20

long, short, flat, irregular (vertebrae), sesamoid (patella)

NOTE this is shape not size- phalanges are long bones in shape even though they are small in size

Question 21

Classifying bones as Axial/Appendicular?

Answer 21

Axial - skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs
Appendicular- pectoral girdle, clavicle and scapula
pelvic girdle- pubic, ilium&ischium fused to form os coxae,
upper limbs and lower limbs