Outline 1: Terminology and Connective Tissue Flashcards
What is the transverse/horizontal plane?
Separates lower and upper body
What is the frontal/coronal plane?
Separates posterior and anterior
What is the medial/saggital plane?
Separates Left from Right of body
What is flexion v extension?
In the first, the angle of the joint gets smaller, in the latter the angle made by the joint gets larger
What is adDuction versus aBduction?
In the first, you are moving the body part TOWARD the midline. In the latter you are moving the body part AWAY from the midline
What is supination v pronation?
In the first your hands point upward, in the latter your hands point downwards
What is the function of connective tissue?
To connect, protect, and support body and organs.
To store energy reserves as fat
What are the components of connective tissue?
Cells in a matrix made of fibers (collagen and/or elastin) and ground substance
What are the two types of connective tissue?
Proper- tough,compliant, ground substance is a thin gel
Specialized- solid, resists tension and compression,
What are the types of Proper Connective Tissue?
Loose- only connects does not support, adipose storage,SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
Dense- fibers dominate, resists tension
What are the types of Specialized Connective Tissue?
Cartilage- ground substance is firm, cells are chondrocytes, and NO blood/nerve supply (cant regenerate)
Bone- ground substance impregnated with inorganic salts, cells are osteocytes, abundant blood and nerve supply
What are types of Dense connective tissue?
Deep Fascia- envelops muscle, called SEPTAE in limbs
Tendons- muscle-bone, fibers more parallel
Ligaments- bone-bone, dense parallel collagen (except Ligamentum Flavum), joint capsules
What are the types of cartilage?
Hyaline- on all articulating surfaces, reduce friction, no fibers
Fibrocartilage- shock absorber, denser, very little blood and nerve supply peripherally, only collagen fibers
Elastic- external ear, and distal nose
What are the parts of bone?
Spongy- center, has marrow, nutrient A
Cortex- hard/dense, periosteal A
Aponeurosis
layered sheet-like connective tissue where layers are of different orientations. Functions like a tendon. Ex- at the bicep
Bursae
connective tissue sacs filled with synovial fluid, can be deep (protect tendons from friction) or subQ (between bone and skin).
tendon sheaths
bursa like structure that envelop entire tendons
How does the body repair a fracture?
6-8 hrs- hematoma forms
until 3 weeks- fibrocartilagenous callus formation with spongy bone trabecule and new blood vessels
3-4 months- bony callus formation and new blood vessels
finally remodeling
What are the 5 functions of bone?
protection, support, mechanical basis of movement, blood cell development, mineral storage.
Classifying bones based on shape?
long, short, flat, irregular (vertebrae), sesamoid (patella)
NOTE this is shape not size- phalanges are long bones in shape even though they are small in size
Classifying bones as Axial/Appendicular?
Axial - skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs
Appendicular- pectoral girdle, clavicle and scapula
pelvic girdle- pubic, ilium&ischium fused to form os coxae,
upper limbs and lower limbs
