Outdoor Education Final Flashcards
Creator of kindergarten
Who was Frederich Froebel
To teach elements of SEL through gardening, Froebel had the children do this.
Growing food for less fortunate people.
Here is where the concept of Forest Schools began.
Denmark and Sweden
This is the ideal environment to have a forest school.
woodland terrain.
These activities taught in forest schools may be considered too dangerous in typical school settings.
-chopping wood
-building fires
-making rope swings
-building a den
This must be filled out daily before children go outside.
a playground inspection.
This must be filled out before a field trip to a new location, or a change of the childcare center’s outdoor playground.
a risk assessment.
Something which may result in significant loss/damage or major injury (broken bone or other injury, which results in person being taken to hospital for injury) is ranked as this.
a medium risk.
These, although resulting in no injuries or damage, must still be reported using the centre’s incident report form.
‘near misses’.
These are the 5 components of a safe environment.
-physical environment
-emotional environment
-people
-equipment
-documentation
In the Ojibway creation story, this is the animal that carried earth on its back to create the continent of North America.
a turtle. (hence Turtle Island)
Groups that hunted large game and followed their migration, lived in these packable, portable homes.
tipis and wigwams.
In the webinar we viewed, Mine Centre Public School made use of this kind of ‘kitchen’ centre in their outdoor camp.
a mud kitchen.
Providing plentiful food and comfortable living conditions, tribes in this region created great works of art and culture such as sculptures and totem poles.
the pacific northwest (Haida)
Canada is made up of these 6 geographical environments.
the arctic, subarctic, woodlands, plains, plateau and the Northwest coast.
This is a living thing with no nucleus in the cell, such as a bacteria, which can live in environments with no oxygen, such as deep oceans.
a monera
This type of animal makes up 99% of the animal kingdom.
invertebrates.
A centipede, having many feet, is classified as this.
a myriapod.
An insect has these parts, and this many legs.
-head
-thorax
-abdomen
-6 legs
These are the five kindgoms of animal life
-plants
-animals
-fungi
-protists
-monera
These 3 things have the most impact on our environmental health.
fossil fuels, food production, and waste.
This is a pattern of weather over a long period of time.
climate
This is the Earth’s projected population by the year 2037.
9 billion
The 17 global goals for sustainable development were studied and selected by this organization.
the United Nations
This planned flooding may involve expropriating homes or even entire neighbourhoods.
Room for the River
meaning of German word Kindergarten
“children garden” or “garden of children”
the first kindergarten was
Blankenburg, Germany 1857
It’s argued that children tend to be more cautious and better able to assess risk when they’re exposed to ….
increasing challenge
Learning to respect and care for living things is an element of …
SEL
Forest schools Involve direct experiences with the…
the outdoor environment
Forest schools Offers an alternative way to…
learn and to acquire new skills
Fears of ultraviolet rays, insect- born diseases and various forms of pollution are also leading adults to….. (Wilson 2000).
keep children indoors
Increase in trends of children staying indoors with…
electronic devices
Children’s lives have become structured and scheduled by adults, who hold the mistaken belief that….
(Grove 2014, Brookes 2004, Moore & Wong 1997, white & Stoecklein 1998)
this sport or that lesson will make their young children more successful as adults
Forest schools
It is not a place, but rather a way of…
working with children in an outdoor space
COMPONENTS OF A SAFE ENVIRONMENT
- The people
- Equipment
- Emotional Environment
- Documentation
DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE PRACTICES
- Knowing about child development and learning.
- Knowing what is individually appropriate.
Knowing what is culturally important
SAFETY CHECKS
Playground
daily, monthly, seasonally, yearly
SAFETY CHECKS
Indoor monitoring checks
Plug covers, furniture, lights working, fire equipment
Fire drills (monthly)
SAFETY CHECKS
Indoor monitoring checks
Fire drills (______)
Fire drills (monthly)
SAFETY CHECKS
Lead flushing
Daily
SAFETY CHECKS
Kitchen:
Temperatures
Fridge, freezer, dishwasher, food
CHILD INJURY REPORTS SHOULD INCLUDE:
Name of child, Date of birth, Date & time of injury, Parents notified, Description of injury, How injury occurred, Where injury occurred, Other comments, First aid administered, By whom, Further action (sent home), Child’s level of participation after injury, Equipment or product involved
Outdoor play is essential because kids are more…
active when they’re outside
Ontario preschoolers spend twice as much time being active when
play is outdoors
in wanting them to be safe outdoors, we sometimes over,,,,
supervise their play
Kids are more active when they have some
freedom to roam and take risks
Work, whenever possible with Indigenous….
resource people
Be clear that Indigenous people, cultures, and knowledge are..
contemporary
Respect Indigenous knowledge as a…
precious heritage
Be aware of the _______ of real Indigenous people
complexities
Indigenous View of Land
Storytelling in indigenous societies
Communal experience
Stories are told and felt many times
Stories may not have a distinct beginning/middle/end, but continuous
Many communities’ Oral Traditions have still not been written down
For Aboriginal people, storytelling is the way we teach our children,…
pass on our values and remember our history.
It is the story that inspires people to learn more. It is the story that begins all learning journeys.
The Role of Story Telling
Functions of Story Telling
-ENTERTAINMENT
-VALUES
-HISTORY
-KINSHIP CONNECTIONS
-MAKING MEANING
-SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
Indigenous Relationships with the Land
Traditional…before contact with colonists
Harmony
Respect for the land, as it supported and guided all aspects of life
Connection with land is maintained in present times
Cultural groups connected to features of specific….
environments
The Arctic
Seasons:
brief summers, long winters (severe blizzards, darkness)
The Arctic
-vegetation: …
-animals..
..no trees, frozen soil
..spread out over large territory
The Arctic
Shelters
winter:..
summer:…
winter: snow and ice
summer: earth, rock, driftwood, skins
The Arctic
-specialized clothing…
-dog teams with
..(waterproof pants, parkas, mukluks)
…sleds, kayaks and umiaks
The Subarctic
Seasons:
short, hot summers (mosquitos) and long cold winters (deep snow)
The Subarctic
environment
forests, lakes/ponds
The Subarctic
-people lived in small groups and collaboratively….
hunted large game…hunted smaller game daily…foraged plants including wild rice (spread seeds into new areas)
The Subarctic
Transportation
-toboggans, snowshoes, birchbark canoes
The Subarctic
-shelters were…
portable (tipis, wigwams)
Eastern Woodlands
Seasons:
warmer and longer summers
Eastern Woodlands
environment
-rich forests with a variety of plants and game
Eastern Woodlands
-excellent conditions for…
-good…
growing crops (squash, corn, beans)
Hunting
Eastern Woodlands
housing
-year-round settlements (wooden longhouses)
Eastern Woodlands
-after 10-50 years settlements would…
relocate to areas with fresh soil, new firewood supplies
Plains
environment
-grasslands
Plains
-people moved with…
the buffalo (bedding, clothing, thread, weapons, tools, glue, fuel, food)
Plains
transportation
-travelled on foot, travois…eventually horse
Plains
-communal buffalo…
hunts
Plains
-shelters were..
tipis (portable)
Plains
-some limited agriculture…
less so with introduction of horses
Plateau
Environment
-diverse landscape (desert-forest)
Plateau
houses
-during winter lived in villages along the rivers…traded with other villages…A frame map lodges or pit houses
-other seasons moved with game…lived in conical mat houses
Plateau
transportation
-specialized canoes for fast moving water
Plateau
-various methods of
fishing along the rivers
Pacific Northwest
-plentiful food sources available…
year-round…edible plants / animals
Pacific Northwest
housing
-lived within larger groups in permanent structures (plank houses)
Pacific Northwest
-primary resource:
wood
Pacific Northwest
-leisure time due to
easy food sources…detailed artistic endeavors
______ lies at the very soul of traditional First Nations and Inuit political, economic, social, cultural, and spiritual ways of life.
land
According to the oral tradition, the land is physically and spiritually..
a part of people
It is part of their identity as human
People care for the land and it cares for them in return, in a..
reciprocal relationship of giving and taking.
Economic Value
Indigenous people:
-land has economic value
-it cannot be owned
-land should be sustained and not used up/destroyed
-development of land should be carefully consider how this will impact the future
Cultural Value
-stories, histories and ceremonies are attached to land of their ancestors
-common land bases support culture (ceremonies, way of life, language)
Spiritual Value
Mother Earth…land gave birth to people and nourishes them…in return people must protect, respect and nurture the land
Educational Value
Traditional knowledge and values passed to children through connections to the land i.e. collecting medicines, preparing hides, harvesting plants, hunting
-Learning to read the signs of natural world i.e. weather, seasonal change, animal activity
Social Value
Provides home, places for social gatherings and ceremonies typically take place outside
-feelings of belonging, sense of community, sense of identitiy
Political Value
Land is an important part of self government as it intersects with social, educational, spiritual, cultural and economic needs of the people
-work politically to get needs met with Canadian political systems
What is (CASEL)
Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning
SEL framework helps cultivate..
skills and environments that advance students’ learning and development.
Growing Citizens: Students’ Social Emotional Learning via School Gardens (K. Markham-Petro, 2019)
- Collaboration of student with others (e.g., students, educators)
- Interpersonal conflict resolution
- Calming influence of gardens on students
- Student ownership of space by providing students with a chance to own the space where the garden or plants were located.
- Experiencing the natural consequences of being responsible for a living thing.
Food literacy
is a set of interconnected attributes organized into the categories of food and nutrition knowledge, skills, self-efficacy/confidence, food decisions, and other ecologic (external) factors such as income security, and the food system.
_______promote experiential learning related to food literacy (Amin, 2018)
Gardens
Five Kingdoms
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists
Monera
Monera
- Prokaryotes…have no nucleus in the cell
- For example…Bacteria
- Autotrophic or heterotrophic
- Some bacteria can live in situations with no oxygen (deep ocean, intestines)
Protista
Single sell live in fresh water
Simple
* Eukaryotes…have nucleus in the cell
* Slime Molds
* Protozoans i.e. euglena
* Algae
Fungi
- Eukaryotes
- Heterotrophs (feed on decaying organisms
- Yeasts (single cells)
- Mushrooms, molds, mildew (multicellular)
Plantae
- Eukaryotes
- Multicellular
- Non-motile
- Autotrophic
- Cell wall has cellulose
Animalia
- Eukaryotes
- Multicellular
- Motile
- Heterotrophic
- No cell wall
Animalia
Invertebrates
Examples:
Examples:
Sponges
Cnidarians
Worms
Mollusks
Echinoderms
Arthropods
Animalia
Invertebrates
*99% of animal kingdom
*No backbone
Animalia
Vertebrates (CHORDATES)
Internal skeleton
Animalia
Vertebrates (CHORDATES)
Examples:
Examples:
* Fish
* Reptiles
* Amphibians
* Birds
* Mammals
VIRUSES….
Not a cell
Not alive? (does not grow, does not maintain homeostasis)
Needs a host cell to replicate
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Birds (AVES)
birds
- Warm blooded
- Feather
- Toothless beaked jaws
- Eggs
- High metabolic rate
- 4 chambered heart
- Strong but light skeleton
- Wings
- Social
Learning to identify birds encourages…
observations and questions
Phylum: Arthropods
- Found in every habitat on Earth
- Jointed skeletal covering (Exoskeleton)
- Epidermis underneath
- Molting
- Regenerate missing limbs
Four Subphyla
- Arachnids (spiders)
- Crustaceans (lobsters)
- Myriapods(millipedes and centipedes)
- Hexapoda (insects)
5.5 million different species
Characteristics of Insects
*Exsokeleton
*Three part body (head, thorax, *abdomen)
*Compound eyes
*Antenna (one pair)
*Legs (three pair), off the thorax
*Wings (2 pairs) off the thorax
Scientific Process
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Analyze
- Conclude
WHAT DO WE NEED TO LIVE HEALTHILY?
- All life on Earth needs the sun’s energy in order to live
- All living things also need clean air
- We need nutritious food to eat
- We need clean water to drink and for hygiene
- Everyone needs a warm, dry, home for shelter and safety
The United Nations predicts that the population will increase by another ______ in the next 30 years, reaching _______ by 2050.
2 billion people
9.7 billion
Issues in Sustainability
- ENERGY
- Environmental Impacts of food production
- WASTE
Fossil fuels are used to make electricity for..
homes, schools and businesses.
most vehicals
Burning fossil fuels produces
harmful gases.
gases get trapped in the atmosphere and heat up the planet, causing
climate change.
More and more places are at risk of ………..extreme weather conditions.
In other places it can cause….
fires and drought caused by
heavy rainfall and flooding.
Roughly ____ _____ of the food produced for humans to eat each
year is wasted.
one third
Weather refers to the short-term conditions of the atmosphere, while climate describes….
the average weather conditions over a long period of time.
