Outcomes of Inflammation Flashcards
Describe the difference between tissue resolution and repair
Tissue resolution sees the original structure and function of the area restored.
Repair sees loss of the original function as the repair is mainly done via collagen.
Appreciate the factors affecting the capacity of tissue to repair
- The extent of the damage, whether stromal and parenchymal tissue are both damaged
- Whether the tissue is able to divide (labile, stable or permanent).
Repair sees the removal of damaged tissues and apoptosis of immune cells.
To describe the tissue repair process
- Repair by fibrosis:
PROLIFERATIVE STAGE: Macrophages recruit fibroblasts to the area for repair, such as TGF-beta.
GRANULATION: Fibroblasts secrete collagen and stimulate angiogenesis.
REMODELLING: Collagenases remove and remodel collagen to the most suitable orientation and to create overlap. Angiogenesis stops.
Describe the repair process in relation to the structure of skin
Repair is dependent upon whether the damage is to stromal and/or parenchymal tissue.
To describe the formation and healing of an abscess
Abscess: A necrotic core surrounded by an infiltration of neutrophils and fibroblasts. May requiring draining. Repair will likely occur via fibrosis.
Describe the process of chronic inflammation, including key cells and mediators involved
Characterised by chronic inflammation and tissue repair occurring at the same time. Macrophages seen. Multinucleate cells form.
IL-6 secreted by macrophages leads to production of acute phase proteins by the liver, which then act upon the hypothalamus.
EGF
PDGF
FGF
TGF-beta
EGF: Secreted by endothelial cells. Stimulates endothelial regeneration.
PDGF: Secreted from platelets. Stimulates the production and degradation of collagen through the activation of fibroblasts.
FGF: Secreted from fibroblasts. Activates fibroblasts and stimulates angiogenesis.
TGF-beta: Secreted by macrophages to attract fibroblasts.
