Introduction To Pathology Flashcards
General pathology
Basis that all disease is based on a limited number of tissue responses, e.g. Cellular adaptation to environment, abnormal cell growth
Systemic pathology
How these basic processes affect tissues and organs, the pathology of each organ system. Same processes can have very different effects in different tissues.
Symptom
The complaint reported by the patient
Sign
Evidence perceptible to the examining physician
Idiopathic
Iatrogenic
Of unknown cause.
Cause by the physician.
Natural history
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Sequalae
The patterns of disease.
The causative factor(s)
The mechanisms of the disease.
Effects of the disease.
Hypertrophy
An increase in cell size. Occurs in non dividing cells, e.g. Cardiac and skeletal
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells.
Hypotrophy
Decrease in cell size due to loss of substance.
Involution
A decrease in the number of functioning cells, usually via programmed cell death.
E.g. Uterus post parturm.
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Can be seen in combination.
Hypotrophy and involution.
Can be seen in combination.
Decreased cell size and decrease in functioning cells.
Metaplasia
Change in the type of cell - stem cell reprogramming.
E.g. Survival mechanism of the epithelial cells in response to smoking. Cilia lost.
Neoplasia
NOT AN ADAPTIVE RESPONSE.
Permanent alternation of the normal cellular growth pattern.
Do not response to normal growth controlling signals. Abnormal proliferation in the absence/removal of stimulus.
