Outcome Measures

Question 1

What are the psychometrics of the oxford grading scale (with reference)?

With Clinical Physio Flashcard

Answer 1

• Validity: Moderate Criterion when compared to HHD (ICC = 0.63)
• Reliability: Good Intra-Rata (ICC = 0.95), moderate Inter-rata (ICC = 0.68)
• Feasibility: Very good. Easy to integrate into practice and requires no special equipment unlike alternatives.

Van Der Woude et al (2022) – Systematic Review

Question 2

What are the psychometrics of the verbal pain rating scale (with reference)?

Answer 2

• Validity: good-to-excellent construct when compared to VAS (ICC = 0.88) and NRS (0.93).
• Reliability: Excellent Test-Retest reliability (0.93)
• Feasibility: Excellent. Easy to integrate into practice and requires no special charts, unlike alternatives.

Alghadir et al (2022) – RCT (osteoarthritic knee pain)

Question 3

What are the psychometrics of the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Index (with reference)?

Answer 3

• Validity: Strong criterion when compared to Barthel Index (rs = − 0,725, p ≤ 0.001)
• Reliability: Good inter-rata (0.87, 95%CI: 0.82–0.90) and test-retest reliability (0.89: 95%CI: 0.85–0.92).
• Feasibility: Great (quick & easy – particularly when compared to alternatives.

Vrettos et al (2021)

Question 4

What are the psychometrics of the Patient Specific Functional Scales (with reference)?

Answer 4

• Validity: Moderate-to-Good construct validity when compared to other more objective clinical measures (e.g. RMQ), r = ≥ 0.5.
• Reliability: Good-to-excellent across most musculoskeletal conditions.
• Responsiveness: Excellent. Significantly more responsive than more objective alternatives. However, there is a minimal detectable change of 2 points across less than 5 categories and 3 points for ≥ 5 categories.
• Feasibility: Excellent. Quick and easy to administer, seamlessly facilitates patient-centred care.

Horn et al (2012) – Systematic Review (MSK - Lower). These findings were also concured by Herreford et al (2012) for upper quadrant MSK.

Question 5

Validity?

Answer 5

The extent to which an outcome measure accurately assesses the concept or construct it is intended to measure.

Question 6

Specificity & Sensitivity?

Answer 6

Specificity
The proportion of true positive results among individuals who have a condition or disease. It indicates the ability of the test to correctly identify those with a condition. I.e. RUILING IN

Sensitivity
The proportion of true negative results among individuals who do not have the condition or disease. It indicates the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the condition. I.e. RUILING OUT

Question 7

Reliability (Inter and Intra rata)?

Answer 7

The consistency and stability of the measurements obtained from an outcome measure.

• Inter-rata: The consistency of the measure when administered by different raters or evaluators.
• Intra-rata: The consistency of the measure when administered by the same rater or evaluator on different occasions.

Question 8

Responsiveness?

Answer 8

The ability of an outcome measure to detect clinically important changes over time

Question 9

Floor & Ceiling Effects?

Answer 9

Represent the ease/difficulty of a measure when applied to a specific population.
* Floor effects occur when a significant proportion of patients achieve the lowest possible score on an outcome measure.
* Ceiling effects occur when a significant proportion of patients achieve the highest possible score.

Question 10

Likely hood ratios?

Answer 10

Likelihood ratios compare the probability that someone with the disease has a particular test result as compared to someone without the disease.
* LR+: Probability that a person with the disease tested positive/probability that a person without the disease tested positive (True positives / Faulse positives). HIGHER IS BETTER (must be above 1).
* LR-: Probability that a person with the disease tested negative/probability that a person without the disease tested negative. LOWER IS BETTER (must be below 1).