Outcome 3

Question 1

Pituitary gland

Answer 1

Master gland, controls;
- Growth
- Blood pressure
- Metabolism
- Water regulation of the body

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Answer 2

• Link between nervous and endocrine system
• Regulates the autonomic nervous system and metabolic processes
• Controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue & anger

Question 3

Thyroid

Answer 3

Regulates metabolic rate
- Assists in bone and muscle maintenance
- Brain development
- Muscle control
- Digestion

Question 4

Parathyroid

Answer 4

Regulates calcium levels

Question 5

Thymus

Answer 5

Contributes to immune functions by producing thymosins
- This stimulates production of T-lymphytes (T-cells) to protect the body

Question 6

Pancreas

Answer 6

Responsible for secretion of Insulin and Glucagon
- Insulin reduces blood sugar level by promoting sugar storage in muscles and liver
- Glucagon increases blood sugar level by promoting release of glycogen into liver and muscles

Question 7

Adrenal

Answer 7

Helps regulate and control stress levels in the body
- Responsible for secretion of hormones cortisol and cortisone which stimulate metabolism, inflammation and development

Question 8

Growth hormone

Answer 8

• Released within the pituitary
• Doesn’t directly effect growth but induces tissues to secrete growth factors to affect skeletal and muscle growth
• Enhances metabolism of fat
• Stimulates protein anabolism in tissues

Question 9

Anti-Diuretic Hormone

Answer 9

• Released as a result of either low blood volume or increased sodium concentration due to low water levels
• In kidneys to increase water re-absorption

Question 10

Thyroid Hormones

Answer 10

• Increase oxygen consumption and metabolic rates in most cells
• Necessary for normal growth and development
• Influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

• Produced in thyroid
• Regulates blood calcium levels
• Aids reduction of calcium in the blood
• Aids muscle contraction, blood clotting & nervous system function

Question 12

Insulin

Answer 12

• Influences balance of blood glucose
• Aids storing of sugars as glycogen in muscles and liver
• Works antagonistically with glucagon to maintain stable blood glucose levels

Question 13

Glucagon

Answer 13

• Produced during exercise or when blood glucose levels are low
• Breaks down glycogen in liver and muscles to increase blood glucose levels

Question 14

Adrenaline

Answer 14

• Fight or flight response
• Increases power or muscle contraction in heart and skeletal muscle
• Increases heart rate
• Stimulates liver and muscle cells to break down glycogen

Question 15

Noradrenaline

Answer 15

• Stimulates similar reactions to adrenaline
• Causes more vasoconstriction and is less effective in converting glycogen into glucose

Question 16

Cortisol

Answer 16

• Released by adrenal gland
• Secreted in higher levels with stress response to fight or flight
• Depresses immune system
• Stops the absorption of glucose by cells
• Released in large amounts during exercise to maintain balance between glucose use and production