outcome 2

Question 1

define public health

Answer 1

the organisation and collective effort to improve the health of the entire population

Question 2

define old public health

Answer 2

government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of diseases

Question 3

public health measures + their impacts

Answer 3

improved sanitation and sewage systems -> less transmissions of diarhea
introduced quarantine laws -> less spread of transmissible diseases
better housing / ventilation -> less respiratory diseases
improved safety and quality of foods -> more nutrition

Question 4

features of the biomedical model

Answer 4

• focuses on biological aspects of disease
• focuses on individuals
• treats the condition, not the cause

Question 5

features of the social model

Answer 5

• focuses on behaviours
• focuses on community
• addresses the cause, not the condition

Question 6

describe the Ottawa Charter for health promotion

Answer 6

an approach to health development by the WHO that aims to reduce inequalities in health

Question 7

biomedical approach advantages/disadvantages

Answer 7

advantages:
- increase life expectancy
- allows us to treat diseases
disadvantages:
- expensive
- relies on medical professionals

Question 8

social approach advantages/disadvantages

Answer 8

advantage:
- cost effective
- promotes overall HWB
disadvantages:
- doesnt address individual health problems
- people can choose to ignore health messages

Question 9

social model key principles - AREAS

Answer 9

addresses the broader determinants of health (gender, culture, SES)
reduce social inequalities (improving education, housing, employment)
empowers individuals and communities (educating people to make healthy behaviours)
access to healthcare (address language barriers, economic factors)
inter-sectoral collaboration (incorporates government departments)

Question 10

3 strategies of Ottawa Charter

Answer 10

advocate: campaignsactions to gain support from governments and society
enable: actions to ensure equal opportunities and resources
mediate: actions to help resolve conflict

Question 10

Ottawa Charter Action Areas: Bad Cats Steal Dead Rats

Answer 10

• build healthy public policy (relates to laws/policies e.g. smoking tax)
• create supportive environments (e.g. support groups)
• strengthen community action (fun runs)
• develop personal skills (educating people: ads, workshops - cooking, swimming)
• reorient health services (nurses delivering workshops)

Question 11

why target road safety? (must remember all 3 points)

Answer 11

• it contributes greatly to burden of disease in australia
• all road accidents are largely preventable
• road trauma has a large economic impact

Question 12

intervention that has promoted road safety

Answer 12

government laws and policies

Question 13

5 australian dietary guidelines

Answer 13

1: to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs
2: enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five groups every day
3: limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol
4: encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
5: care for your food, prepare and store it safely

Question 14

what is the australian guide to healthy eating

Answer 14

a food selection tool incorporated into the australian dietary guidelines to promote healthy eating

Question 15

Nutrition Australia’s mission

Answer 15

promote optimal health and wellbeing by encouraging food variety and physical activity

Question 16

nutrition australia initiative

Answer 16

national nutrition week campaign: offers a kit containing information and activities to give advice on healthy consumption

Question 17

challenges in bringing about dietary change

Answer 17

• food security (SES)
• time constraints
• nutrition knowledge and cooking skills

Question 18

medicare, what it does and doesnt cover

Answer 18

australias universal health insurance scheme
does: gp consultation fees, pathology tests
doesnt: ambulance and dental examinations

Question 19

advantages and disadvantages of medicare

Answer 19

advantages:
- available to all citizens
- choice of doctor for out of hospital services
disadvantages:
- no choice of doctor for in hospital treatments
- long waiting lists

Question 20

Pharmaceutical benefits scheme

Answer 20

a subsidy placed on medicine for australians under medicare

Question 20

what is the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)

Answer 20

national insurance scheme that provides services and support to people with permanent significant disabilities, and their families/carers

Question 21

private health insurance + advantages and disadvantages

Answer 21

an optional additional health insurance

+ choice of doctor in public or private hospital
+ shorter waiting times
- must pay premiums
- policies can be complex to understand

Question 22

Initiative introduced to improve Indigenous HWB

Answer 22

Aboriginal Quitline