Outcome 1, SAC 2 Flashcards
What are the leading causes of mortality in Australia?
Coronary heart disease Dementia and Alzheimers Cerebrovascular disease Lung cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What are the most common long-term conditions among older Australians?
Hearing loss Arthritis Musculoskeletal problems Elevated blood pressure Cholesterol levels
Define disability
A continuum from having no impairment or limitation to the complete loss of functioning or ability to complete a task.
Define biological factors
Factors relating to the body that impact on health and wellbeing.
What are the biological factors?
Genetics Body weight Blood cholesterol Blood pressure Blood glucose regulation Birthweight Age
Define genetics
Genetics plays a role in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing specific illnesses. Conditions can be related to genetic inheritance of DNA variants, referred to as mutations, which result in a change in one of the genes affecting the way the body works or develops.
Define body weight
Body weight is influenced by genetics as well as body function in relation to metabolism and hormonal control.
Body weight can also be determined by an individuals body type.
Define overweight
When a persons weight is 10 to 20 per cent higher than ‘normal’, as defined by BMI of 25 to 30.
Define obese
A condition in which a persons weight is 20 per cent or more above ‘normal’ weight, or they have a BMI of 30 or more.
Define cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance used by the body to build cell walls. its is either produced in the liver or absorbed from animal fats eaten. Cholesterol is a fat-based chemical so in order for it to travel around the body it needs to be carried in small packages called lipoproteins.
Low density lipoproteins (LDL)
High LDL levels produce a build-up of cholesterol in your arteries, referred to as plaque. An increase in plaque can narrow the arteries or affect the flow of blood to the heart. This causes a decrease in the amount of oxygen-carrying blood, resulting in coronary heart disease. (bad cholesterol)
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
Carries cholesterol from other parts of the body to the liver, which then removes it from the body. (good cholesterol)
Define high blood pressure
When blood is being pumped through the arteries at a harder and faster rate than is considered normal and healthy. This is also known as hypertension.
Define atherosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
blood pumping harder
plaque build up and narrowing arteries
Define blood glucose regulation
Impaired glucose regulation is characterised by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion and is often referred to as pre-diabetes.
Define low birthweight
Birthweight is the first weight of the newborn measured immediately after birth. Birthweight less than 2500g is considered low. The two main reasons a baby is born at low birthweight is premature birth and foetal growth restriction.
What are some health problems that may be faces by low birthweight babies?
Respiratory distress syndrome
Bleeding in the brain
Heart problems
Eye conditions
What are some health problems that may be faces by low birthweight babies later in life?
High blood pressure
Type 2 diabetes
Heart disease
Define age
Can result in the deterioration of body systems due to various forms of cellular damage that occurs overtime. This damage can cause a reduction in both physical and mental function and makes the individual more susceptible to illness, long-term conditions and diseases.
Define sociocultural factor
Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health and wellbeing.
What are the sociocultural factors?
Social networks-family Social networks-peers and the community Socioeconomic status (SES) Level of education Employment status Overcrowding and homelessness Access to health information
Define social networks-family
The earliest years of an individuals life have a crucial impact on their path of health and wellbeing. Factors such as income, education, community resources and other social and economic factors can affect health at every stage of life, but the effects on young children are particularly dramatic.
Define social networks-peers and the community
Social support is the perception and actuality that individuals are cared for, have assistance available from other people when needed and are part of a supportive social network. The support given can be emotional, tangible, informational or companionship.
Define socioeconomic status
An individuals SES is often associated with their income, as SES is determined by the key elements of income, education level, employment status and occupational type.
Define level of education
Higher levels of education are sometimes associated with higher income and better employment prospects. They also allow the individual to participate in and connect with the wider community. A higher level of education decreases illnesses and have better mental health than those with lower levels of education.
Define employment status
The place of employment can not only provide a setting where healthy activities and behaviours are promoted, but it can also provide a sense of identity, social status and purpose in life, as well as social support. employment also provides a source of income, which gives people the opportunity to pursue health-promoting behaviours and the ability to live in circumstances that promote health.
differences in population groups for smoking
more common in low SES groups than high SES groups
more common in males then females
more common in rural and remote areas compared to major cities
more common among aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders compared to other Australians
