Outbreak of the Wars of the roses Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Henry’s closest living male relative?

A

Richard, Duke of York

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2
Q

Until when was York the heir presumptive?

A

1453

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3
Q

Which nobles wished to exclude the Duke of York from the centre of power?

A

The Duke of Suffolk and the Duke of Somerset

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4
Q

What three reasons meant Margaret of Anjou didn’t trust the Duke of York?

A

His forcefulness
His blood relationship to the king
His claim to the throne

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5
Q

On what two occasions had York been the King’s commander in France?

A

1436-37 and 1440-45

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6
Q

Who replaced York as commander in France in 1445?

A

Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset

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7
Q

Why were war debts a source of confrontation for York?

A

Henry had paid Somerset’s but had not paid York’s

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8
Q

When was York appointed Lieutenant of Ireland?

A

1447

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9
Q

Why was York appointed Lieutenant of Ireland?

A

In an attempt to silence him and remove him from court

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10
Q

When did York go to Ireland?

A

1449

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11
Q

When did York return from Ireland?

A

September 1450

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12
Q

Why did York return from Ireland?

A

Likely to disassociate himself with the Cade Rebellion

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13
Q

Why were people suspicious of York’s return from Ireland?

A

He came back to England without permission

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14
Q

When was the Dartford Incident?

A

1452

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15
Q

What did York do in Dartford?

A

He tried to impose himself as the king’s favourite

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16
Q

Why did York fail at Dartford?

A

Neither the common people in Kent nor nobles supported him

17
Q

Which nobles supported York at Dartford?

A

The Earl of Devon and Lord Cobham

18
Q

What did York have to do at Dartford?

A

Kneel before the King and swear an oath of allegiance

19
Q

When did Henry’s mental breakdown begin?

A

August 1453

20
Q

What reason was given for the start of the mental breakdown?

A

The English loss of Gascony

21
Q

What notable event did Henry miss in his breakdown?

A

The birth of Prince Edward

22
Q

When was Prince Edward born?

A

October 1453

23
Q

When was York appointed Protector?

A

March 1454

24
Q

What was retaining?

A

Nobles keeping small, private armies

25
Q

Which major family backed York to be Protector?

A

The Nevilles

26
Q

Why did the Duke of Exeter reject York as Protector?

A

He felt he had a stronger claim than York

27
Q

What was York’s first action as Protector?

A

He put the Duke of Somerset in the Tower of London

28
Q

What did York do to improve finances during his Protectorate?

A

He cut household spending from £24,000 to £5,193

29
Q

How did York gain support from merchants?

A

He reformed the navy to protect trade in the Channel

30
Q

Who did York win favour from as a result of his distribution of patronage?

A

Bonville

31
Q

What was York’s biggest failing as Protector?

A

He was unable to achieve law and order

32
Q

Who did York lose support of by favouring Bonville?

A

The Earl of Devon

33
Q

How did Somerset and Margaret plan to get revenge on York?

A

The Great Council of Leicester

34
Q

Who did the Yorkists demand be handed over at St Albans?

A

The Duke of Somerset

35
Q

When was the battle of St Albans?

A

1455

36
Q

Who were the two main Lancastrian casualties at St Albans?

A

The Duke of Somerset and the Earl of Northumberland