Origins of the Wars of the Roses Flashcards

1
Q

Who controlled the army in France until 1435?

A

John, Duke of Bedford

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2
Q

When did Henry VI take over from the protectorate?

A

1437

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3
Q

Where did Henry build two chapels using war money?

A

Kings College at Eton and Cambridge

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4
Q

What did Henry give away in his marriage agreement to Margaret of Anjou?

A

Maine

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5
Q

When was Normandy lost?

A

1450, at the Battle of Formigny

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6
Q

What was the last province to be lost?

A

Gascony

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7
Q

When was Gascony lost?

A

1453, at the Battle of Castillon

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8
Q

Who was the Lord Chancellor?

A

Head of the legal system

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9
Q

What is an example of Henry not maintaining law and order?

A

Tensions between the Duke of York and the Beaufort family

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10
Q

Who was Edmund Beaufort?

A

The Duke of Somerset

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11
Q

What was Henry’s policy in France?

A

Peace at any price

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12
Q

When was Henry’s first mental breakdown?

A

1453 until the end of 1454

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13
Q

Who were Henry’s two favourites?

A

William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk and Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset

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14
Q

Why did York come to hate Suffolk and Somerset?

A

They had royal titles but were not related to the king

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15
Q

When was the Cade Rebellion?

A

1450

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16
Q

Which two nobles supported the Cade Rebellion?

A

Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingam and William Stafford

17
Q

What were the demands of the Cade rebels?

A

The Duke of York to be appointed the King’s favourite

18
Q

What prompted the Cade Rebellion?

A

Rumours of a French invasion and unfair taxes

19
Q

Where was Henry during the Cade Rebellion?

A

A small town in Yorkshire

20
Q

Where did York return from after the Cade Rebellion?

21
Q

When did the Hundred Years War restart?

22
Q

Who restarted the Hundred Years War?

A

Henry and Suffolk

23
Q

When did Somerset become commander in France?

24
Q

Who did Somerset replace as commander in France?

A

The Duke of York

25
Who became heir to the throne when Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester died?
The Duke of York
26
What is an example of Henry favouring Somerset over York?
Henry paid Somerset's war debts but did not pay for York's
27
What is an example of Suffolk corrupting justice?
He ensured Lord Moleyns avoided prosecution for seizing the Pastons' manor of Gresham
28
When did Parliament pass the Act of Resumption against Henry VI?
1450
29
What was the crown debt in 1450?
£370,000
30
Why did Henry send Suffolk to exile in France?
Because Parliament had charged Suffolk with treason
31
What happened to Suffolk on his way to France?
He was intercepted and beheaded on a boat
32
Who was the Lord Chamberlain?
The most senior figure in the king's household; controlled access to the king.
33
What was Suffolk's role in 1447?
Lord Chamberlain
34
Who took over the Paston's manor at Gresham?
Lord Moleyns
35
Why was Moleyns not prosecuted?
He had a strong role in the Suffolk faction