Ottoman Empire: Collapse and Concequences Flashcards
Who made up the reformist group “Committee of Union and Progress? (CUP)
Young intellectuals trained in the west and call for a constitution, liberal reforms and reorganization of the Empire
Where was the ethnic conflict?
In the Balkans over control of West Macedonia which accelerated calls for re-establishing order and authority.
What happened in April 24, 1908?
Led by junior officers the Ottoman army of Macedonia marched on Istanbul and deposed of the sultan. The Young Turks held power and promised reform.
Who were the Young Turks and what was their role in the CUP revolution?
They were young conservative minded intellectuals. They were constitutional and established a parliamentary government. There was a growing sense of nationalism and saw the Ottoman Empire as a Muslim state run by Turks. They liberal enough for government and where power should lie.
What is Balkan nationalism?
“Balkans to the Balkan states”
The Greek PM signs a treaty with Bulgaria and Serbia in 1911.
3 powers essentially agreed to take what they could after defeating the Ottoman Empire in Macedonia.
Why was the Dardonelles Strait important?
It was strategic for the control of the Black Sea. The Greeks had impressive naval power and had control of most islands in the Mediterranean and Agean Sea.
Discuss the 2nd Balkan war in 1913
June 1, 1913: Greece & Serbia sign an alliance
June 29: Bulgaria attacks
Greece, Serbia, Romania and the Ottomans all attack Bulgaria
When did the Ottoman Empire invade Russia and what was the result?
December 4, 1914. Russia counterattacks. Britain attacked the Middle East in January 1915. There was fierce fighting along the Eastern front. They were defeated and the Russian army advanced and Trebizand was liberated.
Who could not serve in the Ottoman Army and why?
Though all citizens were required to serve, because the Ottoman authorities did not trust the Christian population, Greek and Armenians could not serve in the armed forces.
They could buy their way out of military service and serve in the horrors of the “Labor Brigades” or flee and become outlaws.
They would later for guerrilla troops, but it wasn’t enough.
Discuss the Armenian and Greek persecutions
There was a planned extermination of Armenians. Over 1.5 million Armenians were killed or died during the period of the persecutions. Many died while on forced marches while others were executed or massacred.
The Greeks were also being persecuted. They were sent to labor camps. The people fled to Russia in the beginning of 1915, but most fled in 1917/18 as Russia pulled out of the war.
What happened to the Ottoman Empire when the Treaty of Versailles was signed?
The Empire was partitioned.
Kemal Ataturk fought for independence
Powers gave Venizelos the o.k. to land troops to set up a provisional government to protect the Christian population and maintain peace.
