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Natural History 2903 > Ottawa St. Lawrence Lowland > Flashcards

Ottawa St. Lawrence Lowland Flashcards

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1
Q

Cattail Marshes experience this every year (change in water)

A

Perioding Flooding and Drawdowns

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2
Q

Cattails use what kind of seed dispersal?

A

Wind dispersal

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3
Q

Do Cattails form a floating mat?

A

Yes, they do, similar to sphagnum moss

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4
Q

What is the significance of the Marsh Fern?

A

It is an indicator of Cattail Marshes

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5
Q

What kind of moth is associated with Cattail Marshes?

A

Cattail Moth Caterpillar - they eat the cattail

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6
Q

These mammals love cattail marshes and females sometimes kill their neighbours babies. What are they?

A

Muskrats

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7
Q

This bird is polygamous and Males commonly assert their territory in marsh environments. What is it?

A

Red-winged blackbird

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8
Q

What other birds are common in Cattail Marshes?

A

Common Yellowthroat, Marsh wren, Pied-billed Grebes

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9
Q

What is significant about the Virginia Rail?

A

It is an indicator species of Cattail Marshes

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10
Q

Cattails are not submergent but?

A

Emergent

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11
Q

How does Duckweed grow?

A

Duckweed is floating vegetation and grows on water surface

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12
Q

White Water-lilies are submergent and Floating, how?

A

Their leaves and flowers float but their stems and rhizomes are submerged

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13
Q

What other type of lily grows in Cattail Marshes?

A

Yellow Pond-lily

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14
Q

What are Marsh Bluets?

A

Common Marsh Damselflies

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15
Q

What is the dominant group of dragonflies in Marshes?

A

Skimmers

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16
Q

What kind of herps live in Cattail Marshes?

A

Bullfrogs, Water Snakes, Painted Turtles, Snapping Turtles

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17
Q

What difference does the Painted Turtle in the Boreal forest have from the one found in the Great Lakes and ottawa lowland?

A

Their underside of the shell has a different appearance and pattern

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18
Q

What is significant about the Snapping turtle?

A

It reaches its Northern limits are in the GL-SL region

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19
Q

What kind of bigger birds are common in Cattail Marshes?

A

American bitterns, Least bitterns (threatened), Great Blue Heron, Great Egrets, Black-crowned Night-heron (feed at night and roost during the day), Green Heron

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20
Q

What Ducks are found in Marshes?

A

Wood ducks, Mallards, other puddle ducks

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21
Q

What are the two different types of cattails?

A

Broad leaf and narrow leaf, broad are native and narrow are not

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22
Q

What kind of bedrock underlies the Ottawa-SL Lowland?

A

Predominantly sedimentary limestone

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23
Q

What kind of plant is abundant in Cedar Wood swamps?

A

There are a large diversity of orchids in Cedar swamps, such as the Round-leaved Orchid

24
Q

What other kind of plant is present in cedar swamps that inhabits openings?

A

Yellow-lady’s slipper and also showy Lady’s slipper

25
Q

What kinds of herps are present in Cedar swamps?

A

Wood frog and Blue-spotted Salamander

26
Q

What kind of habitat is rare in the lowlands?

A

Peatlands are rare, however there are some fens rich in nutrients

27
Q

What kinds of plants would be present in fens in the lowland because of the nutrients present?

A

Many orchids because of the vast amount of calcium

28
Q

What is significant about the Elfin Skimmer?

A

It is the smallest dragonfly in north america

29
Q

What are the names of the two important fens?

A

White Lake fen and Richmond Fen

30
Q

What bird reaches its southern limit in the alfred bog?

A

The Palm Warbler

31
Q

How was the Ottawa-SL lowland affected by the champlain sea?

A

It left behind huge deposits of clay and sand

32
Q

What kind of beetle is present in Slack Road Sand dunes?

A

Ghost Tiger Beetle

33
Q

What grows in the Constance Bay Sands?

A

Orange Milkweed

34
Q

What problems does forest fragmentation create?

A

size of habitat too small for deep forest species to survive, Lack of recruitment (no more influx of species), Increased Brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds, Increased predation (cats kill 200 million birds per year in canada)

35
Q

What kind of birds live in field habitats?

A

Killdeer, Upland sandpiper, american crow, Ring-billed Guls

36
Q

Where do Horned larks nest?

A

In plowed Fields

37
Q

Farm fields can resemble the habitat of which region?

A

The tundra

38
Q

The first plants to grow in fields always display these two characteristics

A

Wind-dispersal and adaptations for sunny habitats

39
Q

What kind of small mammals are common in plowed fields?

A

Meadowvoles

40
Q

What is a fallow field?

A

A field that is let to grow wild

41
Q

The Northern Shrike is only present in Fallow fields during what seasons?

A

Late fall and winter

42
Q

What are the main predatory birds which feed on meadow voles in Fallow fields?

A

Red-tailed hawk, Short-eared owl, snowy owl, Great-grey owl (usually only during irruptions)

43
Q

What kind of mammals hunt in fallow fields?

A

Red Fox and Easter Coyote

44
Q

What are the major differences between the Eastern Coyote and the Eastern Wolf?

A

The coyote has a different snout and vocalizations, as well as the fact that wolves do not hunt in open fields

45
Q

What are the main characteristics of fallow field plants?

A

Shade-intolerant, Small leaves at 45 degrees, wind or animal seed dispersal, non-native

46
Q

What are some of the non-native plants present in fallow fields?

A

Dandelion, Blueweed, Chicory, Queen anne’s lace, Ox-eye Daisy

47
Q

What are some of the non-native animals present in fallow fields?

A

Grey Partridge, Ring-necked pheasants (spurs on the back of their legs), Wild turkeys (also have a spur on the back of their legs)

48
Q

What globally rare habitat is found in the GL-SL lowlands?

A

Alvars - flat limestone with very little soil over it

49
Q

What are some indicators of Alvars?

A

Fringed Gentian, Calciphiles (yellow lady’s slipper), Ram’s-head lady’s slipper, Eastern Red Cedars (loggerhead shrikes nest in these/impale their prey on hawthorne bushes)

50
Q

What endangered habitat is present in Rice Lake plains?

A

Tallgrass prairie with prairie cord grass and big bluestem

51
Q

Oak savannah is also a tall grass prairie but has what characteristic?

A

10-30% tree cover, white and black oaks, and prairie species (lupines, prairie buttercup, Mottle Duskwing)

52
Q

what animal is considered to be “the currency of the wild”?

A

Meadow voles

53
Q

What plants/rare butterfly are found at Newington bog?

A

Leatherleaf, bog laurel, Rhodora (new site for this)

Rare butterfly- bog elfin (found in a few locations)

54
Q

What is found at mere bleue trail?

A

Peatland, Labrador tee, cotton grass, laurels, leatherleaf, Witch’s broom, Spotted turtle (endangered and extremely rare)

55
Q

What Birds exploit slack road sand dunes for nest sites?

A

They burrow holes into the side of the sand: Belted kingfisher (catch fish- massive heads, big bills, band on upper chest). Bank swallow (dig cavities in sand banks, live in colonies) (bank burrowing brown birds, band on upper chest)

Natural History 2903 (15 decks)

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