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Alimentry Exta > otology diseases and treatments > Flashcards

otology diseases and treatments Flashcards

1
Q

when to treat build up of ear wax

A

mild ear pain and mild hearing loss

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2
Q

how to treat wax

A

first line ear drops olive/almond,
NAHCO3 drops from over the counter, 0.9 saline
If symptoms persist can be referred for syringe or microsuction

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3
Q

what tool scan be used to remove wax

A

wax hook, right angled hook, syringing and suction

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4
Q

what is important to consider with foreign objects in the ear

A

organic materials need to be removed immediately as they can cause otitis externa

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5
Q

otitis externa symptoms

A

ear ache, itchy ear and discharge

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6
Q

treatment for otitis externa

A

topical antibiotics/steroid drops (usually a antibiotic + corticosteroid like dexamethasone)

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7
Q

what topical drops are used to treat otitis externa

A

SOFRADEX, GENTISONE HC OR OTOMIZE SPRAY

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8
Q

what to do if there is a history of proliferated tampanic membrane

A

CILODEX (ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone) Aminoglycosides can cause sensorineural hearing loss

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9
Q

if the patient does not comply

A

inert a small tampon with the medication on it and remove in 3 days

if the patient still does not comply or continues to get the ear wet it can cause cellulitis

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10
Q

what to do if the patient presents with cellulitis

A

admit to hospital treat with iv and topical antibiotics

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11
Q

what are the most common organisms that cause otitis externa

A

pseudomonas

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12
Q

what are the most common organisms that cause fungus otitis

A

due to chronic wet ear
aspergillus niger and aspergillus fumigatus

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13
Q

how to treat fungus otitis

A

topical clotrimazole or nystatin for two weeks

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14
Q

what is Malignant/necrotizing otitis externa

A

Necrotizing (malignant) otitis externa (NOE) is a severe infection that affects the external auditory canal, skull base, and temporal bone

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15
Q

what are featured of Malignant/necrotizing otitis externa

A

Common in diabetics and immunocompromised
Longer than 6 weeks
Granulation tissue
Patient can present with facial nerve palsy
Severe ear pain that may worsen over time.
Foul-smelling ear discharge.
Swelling and redness in the ear canal.
Hearing loss.
Fever and systemic symptoms in severe cases.

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16
Q

what is a good distinctive symptom of Malignant/necrotizing otitis externa

A

Foul-smelling ear discharge

17
Q

treatment for Malignant/necrotizing otitis externa

A

take a swab to identify organisms
treat with topical and iv ciprofloxin if resistant use tazocin
refer to ENT to get a CT of temporal bone
usually uncontrolled diabetes so manage the blood sugar levels

18
Q

how to treat acute otitis media

A

amoxicillin

19
Q

what is glue ear

A

glue ear is otitis media with effusion

20
Q

how to treat glue ear

A

typically gets better on its own in 4-6 weeks
see patients after 3 months
if they still have glue ear
first line treatment otovent
can use inert grommet if hearing loss is resistant

21
Q

what is otovent

A

otovent is a small balloon which the child blows up using their nose. Otovent equalises the pressure and relieves the symptoms in the middle ear. The act of blowing up the balloon helps to open up the Eustachian tube, making it easier for fluid to drain from the middle ear.

22
Q

what will the audiogram and tympanometry show if there is glue ear

A

low frequency conductive hearing loss
flat line tympanometry

23
Q

what is Tympanosclerosis and does it need treatment

A

calcification in tympanic membrane no treatment is usually needed

24
Q

What is Cholesteatoma

A

skin trapped in the middle ear or mastoid bone it can release enzymes that digest bone

25
Q

what are the symptoms of Cholesteatoma

A

chronic middle ear infections or
Eustachian tube dysfunction

26
Q

what are the complications of cholesteatoma

A

Facial palsy
Dead ear
Meningitis
Brain abscess

27
Q

Main give away sign for cholesteatoma?

A

Alimentry Exta (2 decks)

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