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Head and Neck > Otology > Flashcards

Otology Flashcards

1
Q

List some common symptoms people with ear complaints will give (7)

A 
Tinnitus
Otalgia 
Aural fullness
Vertigo
Otorrhoea 
Hearing loss 
Nystagmus
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2
Q

What is the name of the device used to look in someones ear ?

A

An otoscope

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3
Q

Which tests are performed to investigate hearing loss ?

A

Rinne’s
Weber’s
Whispered hearing test

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4
Q

When giving results from tympanometry what do A, B and C stand for ?

A

A - Normal
B - Low middle ear compliance
C - Low middle ear pressure

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5
Q

What is an auricular haematoma ?

A

An auricular hematoma is a collection of blood underneath the perichondrium of the ear and typically occurs secondary to trauma.

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6
Q

How is an auricular haematoma treated ?

A

Drainage
Pressure
Antibiotics

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7
Q

What may result from an untreated auricular haematoma ?

A

Cauliflower ear

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8
Q

What is the management of a foreign body in the ear canal ?

A

Removal

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9
Q

What is otitis externa ?

A

Infection of the EAC

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10
Q

How is otitis externa treated ?

A

Antibiotic and steroid ear drops needed.

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11
Q

How is otitis externa investigated ?

A

May suction under microscope to determine bacterial cause

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12
Q

What should a patient with otitis media not do ?

A

Swim or use cotton wool buds

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13
Q

What is malignant otitis externa ?

A

Malignant otitis externa is an aggressive infection

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14
Q

What is the main complication of malignant otitis externa ?

A

Osteomyelitis

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15
Q

How does malignant otitis externa present ?

A

Severe pain in the elderly diabetic
Granulomas seen
Cranial nerve palsies

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16
Q

How is malignant otitis externa treated ?

A

Antibiotics for weeks/months

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17
Q

What is otitis medial with effusion ?

A

Sterile fluid in the middle ear

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18
Q

How does otitis media with effusion present ?

A

Hearing loss, speech delay

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19
Q

Who is otitis media common in ?

A

Children

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20
Q

How is otitis media with effusion managed ?

A

Watch and wait for 3 months, if no improvement otovent and grommets.

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21
Q

What is acute suppurative otitis media ?

A

Pus in the middle ear

22
Q

How does acute suppurative otitis media present ?

A

Otalgia

Otorrhoea

23
Q

How is acute suppurative otitis media treated ?

A

Observation and amoxicillin

24
Q

What is tympanosclerosis and how does it present ?

A

Calcification of the tympanic membrane and usually asymptomatic

25
Q

How is typanosclerosis managed ?

A

No treatment needed

26
Q

How does Chronic suppurative otitis media present ?

A

Hearing loss due to perforated tympanic membrane and recurrent infections.
Cholesteatoma may be present - persistent offensive otorrhoea

27
Q

What might Chronic suppurative otitis media lead to ?

A

Brain abscess
Meningitis
Facial nerve palsy

28
Q

How is Chronic suppurative otitis media treated ?

A

Myringoplasty

29
Q

How is Cholesteatoma treated ?

A

Mastoidectomy

30
Q

What is otosclerosis ?

A

Fixation of the stapes to the oval window with extra bone.

31
Q

How does otosclerosis present ?

A

Conductive hearing loss

32
Q

How is otosclerosis treated ?

A

Stapedectomy

Hearing aid

33
Q

Name some causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A 
Old age 
Head injury 
Viral infection 
Acoustic neuromas 
Noise exposure
34
Q

How is sensorineural hearing loss managed ?

A

Hearing aids

35
Q

What is tinnitus ?

A

Perception of sound that is not there, unilateral and can be pulsatile

36
Q

How is tinnitus treated ?

A

Treat the underlying cause
Hearing aids
Stress management

37
Q

What is vertigo ?

A

It’s the sensation that you, or the environment around you, is moving or spinning.

38
Q

Which conditions cause vertigo ?

A

BPPV
Meniere’s disease
Vestibular neuritis
Migraines

39
Q

What causes Benign Paroxymal Position Vertigo ?

A

Otoconia becoming dislodged in the utricle and saccule.

40
Q

How does BPPV present ?

A

Vertigo due to head movement last seconds

41
Q

What can be seen in a patient with BPPV ?

A

Nystagmus - positional and rotatory

42
Q

How is BPPV diagnosed and treated ?

A

Dix-Hallpike test

Epley Manœuvre

43
Q

What causes vestibular neuritis ?

A

Reactivation of HSV infection

44
Q

How does vestibular neuritis present ?

A

Vertigo that lasts days
Spontaneous hearing loss
Nystagmus is horizontal towards the affected ear

45
Q

How is vestibular neuritis treated ?

A

Vestibular sedative and rehabilitation

46
Q

What causes Meniere’s disease ?

A

The overproduction of endolymph

47
Q

How does Meniere’s disease present ?

A 
Vertigo
Aural fullness
Unilateral hearing loss
Nystagmus 
Tinnitus 
Lasts hours
48
Q

How is Meniere’s disease treated ?

A

Bendroflumethiazide
Intratympanic Gentymycin
Intraympanic Dexamethasone

49
Q

How does a migraine present ?

A 
Vertigo
Aura 
Variable duration 
Sensory sensitivity 
Headache
50
Q

In which type of facial nerve palsy is the forehead affected ?

A

LMN

51
Q

What is idiopathic facial nerve palsy called ?

A

Bell’s palsy

52
Q

How are facial palsies managed ?

A

Treat the underlying cause
Steroids
Eye care

Head and Neck (6 decks)

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