Otology

Question 1

List some common symptoms people with ear complaints will give (7)

Answer 1

Tinnitus
Otalgia 
Aural fullness
Vertigo
Otorrhoea 
Hearing loss 
Nystagmus

Question 2

What is the name of the device used to look in someones ear ?

Answer 2

An otoscope

Question 3

Which tests are performed to investigate hearing loss ?

Answer 3

Rinne’s
Weber’s
Whispered hearing test

Question 4

When giving results from tympanometry what do A, B and C stand for ?

Answer 4

A - Normal
B - Low middle ear compliance
C - Low middle ear pressure

Question 5

What is an auricular haematoma ?

Answer 5

An auricular hematoma is a collection of blood underneath the perichondrium of the ear and typically occurs secondary to trauma.

Question 6

How is an auricular haematoma treated ?

Answer 6

Drainage
Pressure
Antibiotics

Question 7

What may result from an untreated auricular haematoma ?

Answer 7

Cauliflower ear

Question 8

What is the management of a foreign body in the ear canal ?

Answer 8

Removal

Question 9

What is otitis externa ?

Answer 9

Infection of the EAC

Question 10

How is otitis externa treated ?

Answer 10

Antibiotic and steroid ear drops needed.

Question 11

How is otitis externa investigated ?

Answer 11

May suction under microscope to determine bacterial cause

Question 12

What should a patient with otitis media not do ?

Answer 12

Swim or use cotton wool buds

Question 13

What is malignant otitis externa ?

Answer 13

Malignant otitis externa is an aggressive infection

Question 14

What is the main complication of malignant otitis externa ?

Answer 14

Osteomyelitis

Question 15

How does malignant otitis externa present ?

Answer 15

Severe pain in the elderly diabetic
Granulomas seen
Cranial nerve palsies

Question 16

How is malignant otitis externa treated ?

Answer 16

Antibiotics for weeks/months

Question 17

What is otitis medial with effusion ?

Answer 17

Sterile fluid in the middle ear

Question 18

How does otitis media with effusion present ?

Answer 18

Hearing loss, speech delay

Question 19

Who is otitis media common in ?

Answer 19

Children

Question 20

How is otitis media with effusion managed ?

Answer 20

Watch and wait for 3 months, if no improvement otovent and grommets.

Question 21

What is acute suppurative otitis media ?

Answer 21

Pus in the middle ear

Question 22

How does acute suppurative otitis media present ?

Answer 22

Otalgia

Otorrhoea

Question 23

How is acute suppurative otitis media treated ?

Answer 23

Observation and amoxicillin

Question 24

What is tympanosclerosis and how does it present ?

Answer 24

Calcification of the tympanic membrane and usually asymptomatic

Question 25

How is typanosclerosis managed ?

Answer 25

No treatment needed

Question 26

How does Chronic suppurative otitis media present ?

Answer 26

Hearing loss due to perforated tympanic membrane and recurrent infections. Cholesteatoma may be present - persistent offensive otorrhoea

Question 27

What might Chronic suppurative otitis media lead to ?

Answer 27

Brain abscess Meningitis Facial nerve palsy

Question 28

How is Chronic suppurative otitis media treated ?

Answer 28

Myringoplasty

Question 29

How is Cholesteatoma treated ?

Answer 29

Mastoidectomy

Question 30

What is otosclerosis ?

Answer 30

Fixation of the stapes to the oval window with extra bone.

Question 31

How does otosclerosis present ?

Answer 31

Conductive hearing loss

Question 32

How is otosclerosis treated ?

Answer 32

Stapedectomy | Hearing aid

Question 33

Name some causes of sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 33

``` Old age Head injury Viral infection Acoustic neuromas Noise exposure ```

Question 34

How is sensorineural hearing loss managed ?

Answer 34

Hearing aids

Question 35

What is tinnitus ?

Answer 35

Perception of sound that is not there, unilateral and can be pulsatile

Question 36

How is tinnitus treated ?

Answer 36

Treat the underlying cause Hearing aids Stress management

Question 37

What is vertigo ?

Answer 37

It's the sensation that you, or the environment around you, is moving or spinning.

Question 38

Which conditions cause vertigo ?

Answer 38

BPPV Meniere's disease Vestibular neuritis Migraines

Question 39

What causes Benign Paroxymal Position Vertigo ?

Answer 39

Otoconia becoming dislodged in the utricle and saccule.

Question 40

How does BPPV present ?

Answer 40

Vertigo due to head movement last seconds

Question 41

What can be seen in a patient with BPPV ?

Answer 41

Nystagmus - positional and rotatory

Question 42

How is BPPV diagnosed and treated ?

Answer 42

Dix-Hallpike test | Epley Manœuvre

Question 43

What causes vestibular neuritis ?

Answer 43

Reactivation of HSV infection

Question 44

How does vestibular neuritis present ?

Answer 44

Vertigo that lasts days Spontaneous hearing loss Nystagmus is horizontal towards the affected ear

Question 45

How is vestibular neuritis treated ?

Answer 45

Vestibular sedative and rehabilitation

Question 46

What causes Meniere's disease ?

Answer 46

The overproduction of endolymph

Question 47

How does Meniere's disease present ?

Answer 47

``` Vertigo Aural fullness Unilateral hearing loss Nystagmus Tinnitus Lasts hours ```

Question 48

How is Meniere's disease treated ?

Answer 48

Bendroflumethiazide Intratympanic Gentymycin Intraympanic Dexamethasone

Question 49

How does a migraine present ?

Answer 49

``` Vertigo Aura Variable duration Sensory sensitivity Headache ```

Question 50

In which type of facial nerve palsy is the forehead affected ?

Answer 50

LMN

Question 51

What is idiopathic facial nerve palsy called ?

Answer 51

Bell's palsy

Question 52

How are facial palsies managed ?

Answer 52

Treat the underlying cause Steroids Eye care