otology

Question 1

what makes up the middle ear

Answer 1

TM to cochlea

Question 2

what makes up inner ear

Answer 2

Includes auditory and Vestibular system. 8th cranial nerve. Cochlea (hearing) and Labrynth (balance).

Question 3

what makes up outer ear

Answer 3

1/3 cartilage to 2/3 bone

wax produced in cartilaginous group

Question 4

utricle and saccule deal with

Answer 4

linear movements
utricle-horizontal
saccule-sagittal

Question 5

semicircular canals deal with

Answer 5

rotational movement

Question 6

losing your pinna results in a decrease of

Answer 6

20 db

Question 7

which bone touches the TM

Answer 7

malleus

Question 8

which bone connects to the cochlea

Answer 8

stapes, hardening of stapes is otosclerosis

Question 9

oval window

Answer 9

Thin connection between the middle and the inner ear.

Scala Vestibuli: Oval window connects to this fluid filled space (Perilymph).

Question 10

promontary

Answer 10

Portion of the cochlea that extends into the middle ear and separates the oval from the round window

Question 11

round window

Answer 11

Membrane at the basal end of the cochlea which connects the middle ear space
Scala Tympani: Round window connects to this fluid filled space (Perilymph).

Question 12

Contains specialized hair cells bathed in endolymph fluid which detect sound and stimulate the acoustic nerve.

Answer 12

organs of corti

Question 13

Sound is transmitted as air through the ear canal. Moves the ossicles which conduct sound to the oval window which moves perilymphatic fluid over the endolymphatic fluid containing the hair cells which stimulates the acoustic nerve. This transmits the sound to the auditory centers of the brain which process the sound.

Answer 13

hearing physio

Question 14

Age and Noise exposure are the most common causes

Answer 14

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 15

congenital hearing loss occurs ages

Answer 15

<70

Question 16

Hearing loss involving the outer or the middle ear.

Causes: FB, wax, sclerosis, perf TM,

Answer 16

conductive hearing loss

Question 17

sudden hearing loss,do this

Answer 17

get a hearing test, may need steroids

Question 18

what is a tympanogram used for

Answer 18

Can help us tell if there is fluid or otosclerosis if you don’t see anything in the ear

Question 19

special hearing test that can be used to track the nerve signals arising in the inner ear to the region of the brain responsible for hearing. This can tell us where along that path the hearing loss has occurred.

Answer 19

auditory brainstem response

Question 20

special test of the balance mechanism of the inner ear. The test involves running a cool liquid and then a warm liquid through the ear canal

Answer 20

Electronystagmography (ENG)
Used for pts with vertigo, now with video
Helps determine if it is an inner ear issue and which ear

Question 21

weber

Answer 21

sound lateralizes to impaired ear for conductive hearing loss and to good ear for sensinonerual

Question 22

how does AOM present

Answer 22

Thick infected fluid,

• Ear pain**
• Hearing loss
• No drainage

Question 23

how does serous OM present

Answer 23

Thin fluid, cold or URI

Question 24

symptoms of chronic/serous otitis media

Answer 24

Hearing loss
No pain
No drainage

Question 25

when to place tympanostomy tubes

Answer 25

Chronic Otitis Media for 3 months
Recurrent ear infections 3 per year for 3 years, 4 per year for 2 years, 5 in one year.
Speech delay

Question 26

Cartilaginous portion of the ear canal is inflamed, red and draining.

Answer 26

otitis externa

Question 27

Recurrent ear infections are usually from

Answer 27

eczema (dead skin cells + water = infection)

Give mometazone, don’t give PO anbx they won’t help

Question 28

skin growth that occurs in the middle ear behind the eardrum. It is usually due to repeated infection, which causes an ingrowth of the skin of the eardrum

Answer 28

choleastoma, requires sx bc of pressure necrosis

Question 29

Swelling and Redness behind the ear, ear may bulge forward, Patient must have fluid in the middle ear.

Answer 29

mastoiditis

Question 30

may cause hearing loss or pulsating tinnitus.

characteristically affect hearing because they often are located within or adjacent to the temporal bone.

Answer 30

Glomus tumors

Question 31

how to tx a perf TM

Answer 31

Observe for acute perforation.

Tympanoplasty for chronic perforation.

No anbx, avoid water in the ear
They should close on their own for acute perfs

Question 32

central causes of vertigo

Answer 32

Tumors
Infarcts
Visual problems

Question 33

inner ear problem that results in short lasting, but severe, room-spinning

Answer 33

BPPV
Turn head and you get dizzy, lasts seconds
Do vertigo exercises, if its not better in two weeks then MRI

Question 34

inflammations of the inner ear or the nerves connecting the inner ear to the brain. The inflammation can be caused by either bacterial or mainly viral infections.
The symptoms will include dizziness and difficulty with vision and/or balance.

Answer 34

labrynthitis

Question 35

Excessive fluid in the cochlea is known as cochlear hydrops. Excessive fluid in the semicircular canals results in dizziness and is known as vestibular hydrops. Almost all Meniere’s patients have both cochlear and vestibular hydrops

Answer 35

Meniere’s disease
Triad: Ear fullness, Hearing loss / ringing and Vertigo.

recurring problem, not usually seen on first visit

Question 36

benign tumor (called a "schwannoma") arises from the myelin forming cells (Schwann cells") of the 8th cranial nerve at the point where the peripheral part of the nerve meets the brain.
Presenting symptoms, tinnitus, asymmetric hearing loss and occasional vertigo.

Answer 36

acoustic neuroma

Question 37

Inflammation of the cartilage of the ear.

tx w/steroids

Answer 37

Inflammation of the cartilage of the ear.

Question 38

Cause: Ear trauma

MUST BE DRAINED AND BOLSTERED

Answer 38

auricular hematoma