Neck Flashcards
ant vs post triangles
The posterior triangle is largely muscular. The anterior triangle which contains most of the vital structures, can be divided into smaller triangles by muscles.
neck vascular supply
Carotid Artery - bifurcates into:
Internal (intracranial) - no branches in the neck
External (extracranial) - branches: so many
thryoid blood supply
Superior thyroid artery (branch of external carotid)
Inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)
Thyroid “ima” artery (variable)
tongue and lips lymph drainage
zone I
tonsils lymph drainage
zone II
naso- and oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, larynx all drain lymph via
zone III
hypopharynx, subglottic larynx, thyroid, and esophagus all drain lymph via
zone IV
scalp/back of ears drains lymph via
zone V
facial nerve (CN 7) passes through
parotid gland
most common cause of viral salivary gland infection
mumps
occurs in dehydrated, debilitated patients. There is a rapid onset of swelling and fever, with erythema and warmth over the affected gland. You can sometimes see pus coming from the duct. Staph. Aureus is the most common organism
sialadenitis
associated with sudden pain or swelling with eating, relieved by a sudden gush of fluid into the mouth
sialolithiasis
salivary neoplasms
80% occurring in the parotids, and almost 20% occurring in the submandibular glands. Parotid tumors are benign 80% of the time, and malignant 20%. One-half of submandibular tumors are malignant. 80% of minor salivary gland tumors are malignant. The most common site of minor salivary glands is the hard palate
most common benign salivary gland tumor
pleomorphic adenoma, which is also known as mixed tumor
the most common malignant neoplasm of the parotid gland.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
most common malignant tumor of the submandibular gland.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
A mass present for 7 days is
7 weeks is
7 months is
infectious
neoplastic
congenital
Midline mobile cyst that goes up and down on swallowing
thyroglossal duct cyst
these cysts are identified along the anterior border of the upper third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, adjacent to the muscle and drain into the palatine tonsi
second branchial cleft cyst
MC thyroid malignancy
papillary carcinoma
medullary cancer
c-cells, check calcitonin
high Ca, think
hyperparathyroid
occurs when jugular lymph vessels are obstructed due to a lack of communication between the cervical lymphatic vessels and the jugular venous system.
cystic higroma, associated with chromosome abnormalities
Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis is also known as scrofula. It is often bilateral and presents as painless masses. The adenopathies are initially homogeneous, but show later central necrosis.
TB
Placed surgically through the trachea between the 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings.
tracheotomy
OSA associated problems
Can cause heart disease (low O2 sat causing HTN)
what can cause OSA
Retrognathia
Grossly enlarged tonsils
Obesity (due to pharyngeal narrowing)
Acid Reflux
OSA tx
Weight loss
Oral appliance
CPAP (Continuous positive airway pressure)
Surgical
Bleeding painful nasal area for a month=
staph infection, give mupirocin 2 weeks +saline rinse
Right ear pain-no S/S on PE
TMJ
Sudden unilateral hearing loss, nothing on PE, do an audiogram
CN 8 palsy, give steroids
46 YO woman w/recent dizziness, room spinning
BPV….turn their head to the side of dizziness……give exercises……long history of this think menieres
