Otology Flashcards
what are the 2 main tuning fork tests?
Rinne’s and Weber’s
what does Rinne’s entail?
place tuning fork on mastoid bone first and then just outside external auditory meatus and determine which one patient hears loudest
what is a normal, positive finding in Rinne’s?
air > bone conduction
what indicates conductive hearing loss in rinne’s and what would finding be described as?
bone > air conduction = negative
what indicates sensorineural hearing loss in rinne’s?
air > bone conduction
what does weber’s entail?
Place vibrating tuning fork on forehead and ask patient which ear the sound is heard in best.
if hearing is normal in both ears, to what side does weber’s lateralise?
none- hah! CENTRAL
if there is sensorineural loss in right ear, to what side will weber’s lateralise?
left - with sensorineural, lateralises to opposite side
if there is Conductive hearing loss in right ear, to what side will weber’s lateralise?
right
with what part of the ear is conductive hearing loss concerned with?
outer or middle ear
with what part of the ear is sensorineural hearing loss concerned with?
inner ear
What is otitis externa?
inflammation of the outside of the ear canal
what is treatment for otitis externa?
eardrops with antibiotics and steroids
what occurs in malignant otitis externa & what is treatment for it?
- osetomyelitis of temporal bone
- systemic antibiotics
what is inflammation of the middle ear called and what are the main 3 types of it?
otitis media
- Acute Otitis Media
- Otitis Media with Effusion
- Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
what are the main presentations of AOM?
- fever
- pain
- maybe hearing loss
how do you treat AOM?
usually resolves by itself
What happens in otitis media with effusion?
- sterile fluid backs up behind eardrum
- if eustachian tube is blocked, perhaps due to build up of mucus due to infection, the fluid is not able to be drained
What are features of chronic suppurative otitis media?
- perforated TM
- pus dishcarge
- conductive hearing loss
- lasts at least 6 weeks
what are 2 other diseases of the middle ear?
tympanosclerosis
otosclerosis
what are diseases associated with the inner ear?
- hearing loss
- menieres disease
- infections ie meningitis
- vestibular schwannoma
what are clinical features of benign positional vertigo?
- vertigo precipitated by changes in head position
- positive dix-hallpike
what is treatment for Benign positional vertigo?
epley manoeuvre
what is vestibular neuritis/ labyrinthitis?
infection of vestibular nerve, causing it to become inflamed and disrupt sense of balance
what is aetiology of Vestibular neuritis?
re-activation of HSV
what are clinical signs of Vestibular neuritis?
- spontanoeus vertigo
- if unilateral hearing loss –> labyrinthitis
what is treatment for Vestibular neuritis?
- acute= vestibular sedatives
- chronic= vestibular rehabilitation
what is the pathology of meniere’s disease?
increased pressure within ear endolymphatic system
what are clinical features of menieres disease?
- vertigo
- unilateral hearing loss
what is treatment for menieres disease?
- betahistine
- bendrofluazide
- intratympanic dexamethasone
- intratympanic gentamicin
what does conductive hearing loss do?
prevent sound being conducted into cochlear
