Otology

Question 1

what are the 2 main tuning fork tests?

Answer 1

Rinne’s and Weber’s

Question 2

what does Rinne’s entail?

Answer 2

place tuning fork on mastoid bone first and then just outside external auditory meatus and determine which one patient hears loudest

Question 3

what is a normal, positive finding in Rinne’s?

Answer 3

air > bone conduction

Question 4

what indicates conductive hearing loss in rinne’s and what would finding be described as?

Answer 4

bone > air conduction = negative

Question 5

what indicates sensorineural hearing loss in rinne’s?

Answer 5

air > bone conduction

Question 6

what does weber’s entail?

Answer 6

Place vibrating tuning fork on forehead and ask patient which ear the sound is heard in best.

Question 7

if hearing is normal in both ears, to what side does weber’s lateralise?

Answer 7

none- hah! CENTRAL

Question 8

if there is sensorineural loss in right ear, to what side will weber’s lateralise?

Answer 8

left - with sensorineural, lateralises to opposite side

Question 9

if there is Conductive hearing loss in right ear, to what side will weber’s lateralise?

Answer 9

right

Question 10

with what part of the ear is conductive hearing loss concerned with?

Answer 10

outer or middle ear

Question 11

with what part of the ear is sensorineural hearing loss concerned with?

Answer 11

inner ear

Question 12

What is otitis externa?

Answer 12

inflammation of the outside of the ear canal

Question 13

what is treatment for otitis externa?

Answer 13

eardrops with antibiotics and steroids

Question 14

what occurs in malignant otitis externa & what is treatment for it?

Answer 14

• osetomyelitis of temporal bone
• systemic antibiotics

Question 15

what is inflammation of the middle ear called and what are the main 3 types of it?

Answer 15

otitis media

• Acute Otitis Media
• Otitis Media with Effusion
• Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Question 16

what are the main presentations of AOM?

Answer 16

• fever
• pain
• maybe hearing loss

Question 17

how do you treat AOM?

Answer 17

usually resolves by itself

Question 18

What happens in otitis media with effusion?

Answer 18

• sterile fluid backs up behind eardrum
• if eustachian tube is blocked, perhaps due to build up of mucus due to infection, the fluid is not able to be drained

Question 19

What are features of chronic suppurative otitis media?

Answer 19

• perforated TM
• pus dishcarge
• conductive hearing loss
• lasts at least 6 weeks

Question 20

what are 2 other diseases of the middle ear?

Answer 20

tympanosclerosis

otosclerosis

Question 21

what are diseases associated with the inner ear?

Answer 21

• hearing loss
• menieres disease
• infections ie meningitis
• vestibular schwannoma

Question 22

what are clinical features of benign positional vertigo?

Answer 22

• vertigo precipitated by changes in head position
• positive dix-hallpike

Question 23

what is treatment for Benign positional vertigo?

Answer 23

epley manoeuvre

Question 24

what is vestibular neuritis/ labyrinthitis?

Answer 24

infection of vestibular nerve, causing it to become inflamed and disrupt sense of balance

Question 25

what is aetiology of Vestibular neuritis?

Answer 25

re-activation of HSV

Question 26

what are clinical signs of Vestibular neuritis?

Answer 26

• spontanoeus vertigo
• if unilateral hearing loss –> labyrinthitis

Question 27

what is treatment for Vestibular neuritis?

Answer 27

• acute= vestibular sedatives
• chronic= vestibular rehabilitation

Question 28

what is the pathology of meniere’s disease?

Answer 28

increased pressure within ear endolymphatic system

Question 29

what are clinical features of menieres disease?

Answer 29

• vertigo
• unilateral hearing loss

Question 30

what is treatment for menieres disease?

Answer 30

• betahistine
• bendrofluazide
• intratympanic dexamethasone
• intratympanic gentamicin

Question 31

what does conductive hearing loss do?

Answer 31

prevent sound being conducted into cochlear