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H&N > Neck conditions > Flashcards

Neck conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what are indications for a tracheostomy?

A

airway obstruction & protection

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2
Q

what is the difference between inspiratory and expiratory stridor in terms of where it stems from?

A

inpiratory= laryngeal

expiratory= tracheobronchial

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3
Q

what is the aetiology of branchial cyst?

A

congenital epithelial cysts, due to:

  • fusion failure of branchial arches or
  • lymph node cystic degeneration
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4
Q

what is a complication of branchial cyst?

A

become infected and enlarges

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5
Q

where are branchial cysts found and what do they look like

A

on lateral part of neck, anterior to SCM

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6
Q

what is treatment of branchial cyst?

A

excision

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7
Q

what is pharyngeal pouch?

A

it is a herniation of pharyngeal mucosa through inferior consrtrictor of pharynx muscle

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8
Q

what are some symptoms of pharyngeal pouch?

A
  • hoarseness
  • dysphagia
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9
Q

what investigation would you do for pharyngeal pouch?

A

barium swallow

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10
Q

what is treatment of pharyngeal pouch?

A

excision

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11
Q

what are 3 causes of lympadenopathy?

A
  • infective
  • inflammatory
  • maligant
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12
Q

what is the aetiology of thyroglossal cyst?

A

dilatation of thyroglossal duct remnant

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13
Q

what is a complication of Thyroglossal cyst ?

A

may become infected

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14
Q

what is a way to clinically determine if it’s a Thyroglossal cyst?

A

it moves on tongue protrusion

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15
Q

what investigation would you do for Thyroglossal cyst ?

A

US scan

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16
Q

what is treatment for Thyroglossal cyst ?

17
Q

what is a solitary thyroid mass/nodule likely to be? (x4)

A
  • Cyst
  • Adenoma
  • Carcinoma
  • Lymphoma
18
Q

what is a worrying feature of a solitary thyroid nodule?

A

PAIN

especially pain radiating to ear- referred otalgia

19
Q

what are the signs of a reactive lymph node? (5)

A
  • oval
  • soft
  • tender
  • smooth
  • mobile
20
Q

what are the signs of a malignant lymph node?

A
  • round
  • firm
  • irregular
  • fixed
  • non-tender
21
Q

how woud you investigate a solitary thyroid nodule?

A
  • FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology) &
  • US
22
Q

after having done FNAC and US, if the result is suspicious, what is done then?

A

diagnostic thyroid lobectomy

-to distinguish between adenoma and carcinoma

23
Q

what is diffuse thyroid gland enlargement?

H&N (2 decks)

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