Neck conditions Flashcards
what are indications for a tracheostomy?
airway obstruction & protection
what is the difference between inspiratory and expiratory stridor in terms of where it stems from?
inpiratory= laryngeal
expiratory= tracheobronchial
what is the aetiology of branchial cyst?
congenital epithelial cysts, due to:
- fusion failure of branchial arches or
- lymph node cystic degeneration
what is a complication of branchial cyst?
become infected and enlarges
where are branchial cysts found and what do they look like
on lateral part of neck, anterior to SCM
what is treatment of branchial cyst?
excision
what is pharyngeal pouch?
it is a herniation of pharyngeal mucosa through inferior consrtrictor of pharynx muscle
what are some symptoms of pharyngeal pouch?
- hoarseness
- dysphagia
what investigation would you do for pharyngeal pouch?
barium swallow
what is treatment of pharyngeal pouch?
excision
what are 3 causes of lympadenopathy?
- infective
- inflammatory
- maligant
what is the aetiology of thyroglossal cyst?
dilatation of thyroglossal duct remnant
what is a complication of Thyroglossal cyst ?
may become infected
what is a way to clinically determine if it’s a Thyroglossal cyst?
it moves on tongue protrusion
what investigation would you do for Thyroglossal cyst ?
US scan
what is treatment for Thyroglossal cyst ?
excision
what is a solitary thyroid mass/nodule likely to be? (x4)
- Cyst
- Adenoma
- Carcinoma
- Lymphoma
what is a worrying feature of a solitary thyroid nodule?
PAIN
especially pain radiating to ear- referred otalgia
what are the signs of a reactive lymph node? (5)
- oval
- soft
- tender
- smooth
- mobile
what are the signs of a malignant lymph node?
- round
- firm
- irregular
- fixed
- non-tender
how woud you investigate a solitary thyroid nodule?
- FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology) &
- US
after having done FNAC and US, if the result is suspicious, what is done then?
diagnostic thyroid lobectomy
-to distinguish between adenoma and carcinoma
what is diffuse thyroid gland enlargement?
goitre
