Otology Flashcards
Causes of conductive hearing loss
Glue ear
Otosclerosis
Ossicular discontinuity
TM perforation
Wax
Where is the problem in conductive hearing loss
Problem in ear canal
Tympanic membrane
Middle ear
What is bone and air conduction like in sensorineural hearing loss
Both equally reduced
Causes of sensorineural hearing loss
Presbyacusis
Congenital
SSNHL
Noise induced
Air and bone conduction in mixed hearing loss?
Both AC and BC reduced but AC is worse than BC
What does tympanometry measure
Whether ear drum is working with sound
What does a flat line in tympanometry indicate
What should you check if this happens
Perforated ear drum or glue ear
check ear volume
What to do if there is conductive hearing loss unilaterally that hasn’t started after an URTI that isn’t getting better
Concerned about tumour in the post nasal space affected Eustachian tube dysfunction
What to do if someone presents with sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss
Refer urgently to ENT so they can give steroids
What can a unilateral non pulsatile tinnitus suggest
Acoustic neuroma therefore refer to ENT
What to do if someone presents with bilateral pulsatile tinnitus
INvestigate- carotid, heart, thyroid, TFT and if you can’t find cause then refer to ENT
IF there is pain but you don’t see anything what should you do
Refer to ENT as could be cancer. Check TMJ
Necrotising otitis externa
Osteomyelitis
Older patients who can be immunocompromised
Swollen canal and discharge
What things to ask in a history of a ear
Hearing: when started, progression, side
Tinnitus: pulsatile or not, severity, sleep, side
Dizziness: what they mean, duration, associated symptoms
Pain: side, nature. (cancer referred otalgia?)
Discharge: nature, side, duration
Facial nerve
Management for haematoma in ear
Requires aspiration/drainage : ENT referral as would lead to cauliflower ear
