Otolaryngology

Question 1

Where does oropharyngeal region comprise of

Answer 1

posterior 1/3 tongue, soft palate, uvula, posterior pharyngeal wall

Question 2

MC site of head & neck cancer

Answer 2

tongue 50%

Question 3

What are the RF of HPV+ve oropharyngeal cancer

Answer 3

non smoker
55-65 yo
multiple sex partners
history of oral sex

Question 4

SCC by smoking, MOA

Answer 4

p16, tp53 downregulated

Question 5

SCC by HPV

Answer 5

HPV E6 & 7 protein inactivates tp53 & pRb pathway

Question 6

Choice of tx for oropharyngeal cancer

Answer 6

RT/CT (very effective)

Question 7

MC site of laryngeal cancer

Answer 7

Glottis 60%
supraglottis 35%
subglottis 5%

Question 8

Aetiology of nasopharyngeal ca

Answer 8

EBV infection

Question 9

tx of ossicular discontinuity

Answer 9

ossiculoplasty

Question 10

tx of otosclerosis

Answer 10

stapedectomy

Question 11

How long should one have grommet

Answer 11

6-18/12

Question 12

if patient says he can hear his heartbeat, what should you worry about?

Answer 12

benign neuroendocrine tumour

Question 13

what are the four clinical assessment to determine cause of vertigo

Answer 13

headshake
halmagyi head thrust
hallpike
hyperventilation

Question 14

what does hallpike determines

Answer 14

Benign position vertigo (rotating in bed)

Question 15

What does headshake tells us

Answer 15

Meniere’s (too much production, or little drainage)

Question 16

What is benign position vertigo and what is the tx?

Answer 16

Vertigo in specific position

tx: Epley manoeuvre

Question 17

What is the triad S&S of meniere’s

Answer 17

tinnitus. vertigo (rotary/sway), hearing loss

Question 18

what is the anterior and posterior artery for epistaxis

Answer 18

Kiesselbach’s 90%

sphenopalatine artery

Question 19

What is steeple sign indicative of

Answer 19

croup

Question 20

What is thumbprint sign indicative of

Answer 20

Epiglottitis

Question 21

Lat mass in child is suggestive of?

Answer 21

lymphoma such as cystic hygroma, haemangioma

Question 22

what’s the lvl that cause stridor and stertor and wheezing

Answer 22

stridor = laryngeal
stertor = above larynx
wheezing = below larynx

Question 23

what supplies the tonsil

Answer 23

ECA & CNXI

Question 24

what are midline neck mass

Answer 24

thyroid
thyroglossal
dermoid cyst

Question 25

what is lugwig angina

Answer 25

rapid bilat swelling of suprahyoid space, precipitated by dental procedures (2nd, 3rd molar)

Question 26

Aetiology of angiodema

Answer 26

IgE mediated = vasodilation, vascular permeability (insect bites)

not IgE e.g. ACE inhibitors

Question 27

Comoplications of acute sinusitis

Answer 27

1. orbital cellulitis
2. cavernous sinus thrombosis
3. intracranial complications