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Exam > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

MC site of mouth cancer

A

Tongue 50%

Floor 2nd

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2
Q

Central Scotoma is sign of what ocular disease

A

AMD
Optic neuritis
toxic/nutritional (alcohol, smoking, drug isoniazid, ethambutol)
(b12, thiamine, folic)

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3
Q

Bitemporal hemianopia is caused by what

A

Pituitary adenoma

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4
Q

RA can cause what kind of -itis

A

scleritis, uveitis, episcleritis

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5
Q

Topical steroids SE

A

raised IOP, cataract, increased risk of herpes simplex keratitis

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6
Q

what meds cause dilation of pupils

A

Phenylephrine (alpha-agonist)

anti-muscarinic
tropocamide (few hr)
cyclopentolate (1 wk)
atropine (10 days)

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7
Q

What meds cause constriction of pupils

A

pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist)

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8
Q

Tx for glaucoma

A 
Prostaglandin
alpha agonist
beta blocker
acetazolamide
(decrease aqueous production, increase outflow)
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9
Q

S&S of Holmes-Adie syndrome

A

dilated pupil that will not constrict w light

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10
Q

What drugs have ocular complication?

A

ethambutol
hydroxychloroquine
tamoxifen
amiodarone

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11
Q

A dilated pupil is seen in the use of what meds

A

Atropine
phenylephrine
tropocamide
cyclopentolate

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12
Q

what can cause 3rd nerve palsy

A

aneurysm of pos comm a
GCA
diabetes
vascular

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13
Q

signs of 3rd nerve palsy

A

mydriasis
rapd
eye deviate outwards and downwards
ptosis

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14
Q

Luekocoria may be caused by?

A

retinoblastoma

congenital cataracts

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15
Q

Commonest intraocular tumour in adults

A

malignant melanoma

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16
Q

Commonest eyelid neoplasm

A

BCC

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17
Q

What is entropian, ectropian,

A 
entropian = inside (en=in)
ectropian = turned out
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18
Q

result of SBS

A

shearing of bridging veins between dura and subrachnoid

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19
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis and vernal conjunctivitis is mediated by what Ig?

A

IgE

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20
Q

Common features of RD

A

floaters, photopsia, RAPD, acuity affected

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21
Q

Tx for RD

A

vitrectomy, sclera buckle, membranectomy, pneumatic retinoplexy

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22
Q

Tx of vitreous haemorrhage

A

Leave it, will resolve in 2months, else do laser

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23
Q

how long till CRAO is irreversible

A

90 min

24
Q

what are the meds for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

chloramphenicol
fluoroquinolone
cephalosporin
vancomycin

25
Q

what is the Hutchinson sign

A

bullous on skin of tip of nose

  • should worry about herpes zoster ophthalmicus
  • nasociliary n of mandibular n of trigeminal n
26
Q

what does the uvea entail

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid & retina (all the pigmented stuff) - break it into anterior and posterior uvea

27
Q

S&S of anterior uveitis

A

ciliary flush
pain
redness
synechia

28
Q

aetiology of uveitis

A 
HLA-B27
behcet disease - blood vessel inflammation
IBD
sarcoidosis
TB
toxoplasmosis
29
Q

S&S of acute angle closed glaucoma

A 
coloured halo
pain worsen at night, wake up to vomit
rock hard eyes
blur vision
frontal headache
fixed mid dilated pupil
30
Q

Tx of AACG

A

beta,alpha
acetazolamide
laser iridotomy

31
Q

Aetiology of scleritis

A

mostly associated with system disease e.g. RA, SLE, herpes zoster ophthalmicus

32
Q

management of AMD

A

antioxidants
anti-VEGF (Avastin)
Micro-incision Hubble implant/miniature telescope

33
Q

difference btwn wet and dry AMD

A

acute VS chronic
LC vs MC
neovascularization VS none (Btwn RPE and Bruch’s membrane)

34
Q

RF of AMD

A

smoking, alcohol, Caucasian, age, obesity

35
Q

What is the schirmer’s test

A

confirm Sjogren’s (<5mm in 5 min = +ve)

36
Q

what -itis can RA cause

A

scleritis, episcleritis, uveitis

37
Q

what -it is can ankylosing spondylitis cause

A

iritis

38
Q

S&S of GCA

A

jaw claudication
temporal headache
scalp tenderness
Acute LOV

39
Q

what are the 4 visual type in Migraine

A

hemianopia
zig zag
bright/dark spots
scintillating scotomas

40
Q

Choroidal met, which sites

A 
Lungs (focal, single met)
breast (multifocal, bilat)
bowel
kidney
thyroid
skin
41
Q

S&S of neurofibromatosis

A

Lisch nodules
Café Au Lait
Freckling in axillary/groin

42
Q

Tx of choroidal met/melanoma

A

proton beam < plaque radiotherapy < enucleation

43
Q

What is linked to presbyopia

A

presbyopia = loss of accommodative power w age

CN III & II (conversion, miosis, constricting of ciliary muscle)

44
Q

LASIK vs LASEK/PRK

A

visual recovery faster
less discomfort post op
but risk of flap problem (hole, dislodge)
no for thin cornea or contact sports

45
Q

What is strabismus and what is diplopia

A

strabismus is misalignment

while diplopia is double image

46
Q

What age group is MC for SBS

A

5-10mths

47
Q

Classic triad of SBS

A
  1. intracranial haemorrhage
  2. brain oedema (diffuse axonal damage)
  3. retinal haemorrhage + retinoschisis
48
Q

Px of SBS

A

Poor 2/3, good 1/3
20% die out right
else have long term sequelae

49
Q

Where are BCC of eye MC located

A

lower lid

50
Q

what is chalazion

A

blockage of meibomian gland, resulting in a cyst

51
Q

What is Marcus Gunn

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve is misdirected to levator muscle (normally CN3), winking when chewing etc.

52
Q

Aetiology of orbital cellulitis

A

often spread from sinuses (acute sinusitis)

53
Q

patho of NAION

A

occlusion of short ciliary artery - infarction of optic nerve head

54
Q

CNIV & CNVI brain location

A

mid brain VS pons

55
Q

type of cataracts

A

nuclear sclerosis
cortical (peripheral)
posterior subcapsular (steroids, central)

56
Q

congenital cataracts are caused by?

A

intrauterine infx (rubella, CMV, herpes)

FH - down’s

57
Q

what are SE of steroid use

A

glaucoma, cataracts

Exam (3 decks)

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