Otitis, Sinusitis, Diphtheria, Pertussis

Question 1

What bacteria cause otitis externa

Answer 1

Psuedomonas aeruginosa

Staph aureus

(PART OF OUR NORMAL SKIN FLORA)

Question 2

What bacteria cause Otits media and sinusitis

Answer 2

Strep pneumoniae

Mortadella catarrhalis

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 3

Pseudomonas:

Gram:

Shape:

Answer 3

Gram negative

Bacilli

Question 4

Is pseudomonas encapsulated?>

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What are the 2 pigments of pseudomonas

Answer 5

Pyocyanin

Pyoverdin

Question 6

What does pyocyanin do for pseudomonas?

Answer 6

Generates ROSs (reactive oxygen species)

Question 7

What does pyoverdin do?

Answer 7

Sequesters iron (a siderophore)

This is not a virulence factor

Question 8

If you put a black light over a festering wound and it glows, what is the bacteria/

Answer 8

Pseudomonas

Question 9

What does coagulase do?

Answer 9

It clots blood

Question 10

Does staph Aureus lyse RBCs completely?

Answer 10

Yes it is B-hemolytic

Question 11

What test will be positive if you have staph aureus?

Answer 11

Coagulase

Question 12

Strep pneumoniae:
Gram:
Shape:

Answer 12

Gram positive

Lancet shaped

Diplococci

Question 13

What organism is a-hemolytic?

Answer 13

Strep pneumo

Question 14

What does a-hemolytic mean?

Answer 14

It partially lyses RBCs

Question 15

What color does strep pneumoniae show up on blood agar

Answer 15

Green. Because it is only partially lysing the RBCs

Question 16

What bacteria is sensitive to optochin?

Answer 16

Strep pneumo

Question 17

What are the only two Gram neg diplococci

Answer 17

Moraxella catarrhalis

Neisseria meningitis

Question 18

What are the 2 ways you can have diphtheria?

Answer 18

Cutaneous

Respiratory

Question 19

What kind of toxin is diphtheria toxin and what does it do?

Answer 19

A-B exotoxin

Halts protein synthesis = kills host cell

Question 20

What is the presentation of cutaneous diphtheria?

Answer 20

Sores/ulcers that don’t heal

Question 21

How would you tell the difference between a sore caused by pseudomonas and a sore caused by diphtheria?

Answer 21

Shine a black light on it

Question 22

What organism causes a grayish/black pseudomembrane to form in your throat?

Answer 22

Diphtheria

Corynebacterium

Question 23

What is a pseudomembrane in diphtheria?

Answer 23

Fibrin+bacteria+WBCs+ dead epithelial cells

Question 24

Why don’t we see diphtheria in america?

Answer 24

Vaccines

Question 25

Do you neeed to report diphtheria to the CDC?

Answer 25

Yes, the respiratory type only. Not cutaneous

Question 26

What color will diphtheria be on cysteine telluride agar

Answer 26

Black

Question 27

What is Loeffler’s medium?

Answer 27

It helps grow diphtheria and enhances the formation of volutin granules

Question 28

You know you have diphtheria, but how do you tell if it is producing the diphtheria toxin?

Answer 28

Elek test.

You smear diphtheria on a plate and out an antitoxin soaked paper on it, and if it forms an X-shaped precipitate, you know it is producing the toxin

Question 29

Which bacteria has adhesins called
Filamentous hemagglutinin and

Pertactin

Answer 29

Bordetella pertussis

Question 30

What are the 4 exotoxins produced by Bordetella pertussis

Answer 30

Pertussis toxin (A-B exotoxin)- lymphocytosis

Adenylate cyclase toxin- no chemotaxis/cell to cell signaling

Dermonecrotic toxin- u know

Tracheal toxin- kills trachea cells

Question 31

Which of the 4 exotoxins that Bordetella produces causes the MOST tissue damage?

Answer 31

Pertussis toxin

The other 3 slow down your immune system

Question 32

Do we see epidemics of pertussis

Answer 32

Yes, and numbers are increasing due to antivaxxers

Question 33

What age group gets pertussis the most

Answer 33

Children <1 year old