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Micro Exam 2 (Lauren) > Bacterial Pneumonias > Flashcards

Bacterial Pneumonias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 non-zoonotic pathogens that cause atypical pneumonia?

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Mycoplasma

Legionella

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2
Q

What does strep pneumo look like on blood agar?

A

Green

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3
Q

What antibiotic is strep pneumo sensitive to

A

Optochin

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4
Q

Is strep pneumo virulent in encapsulated AND capsulated form?

A

Only encapsulated

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5
Q

What is a major reservoir of strep pneumo

A

Asymptomatic carriers

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6
Q

How do serotype strep pneumo?

A

Based on its capsule type

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7
Q

What do we base anti-pneumococcal vaccines on?

A

Strep pneumo’s capsule

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8
Q

What does the capsule do for strep pneumo

A

Can’t get C3b opsonized, cant get phagocytized

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9
Q

What 2 virulence factors does strep pneumo use for protection, other than the capsule?

A

IgA protease

Hydrogen peroxide

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10
Q

Which bacteria has penumolysin and autolysin

A

Strep pneumo

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11
Q

What causes strep pneumo to autolyse (kill itself) and why does it do it

A

Antibiotics and scarce nutrients= starts killing itself and releasing virulence factors

It’s a way to dampen your immune response

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12
Q

How tf does strep pneumo get from your lungs to your brain to cause meningitis?

A

It has hyaluronidase/neuraminidase to chew through your alveoli and get to your bloodstream= meningits

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13
Q

Gram positive lancet shaped diplococci in sputum=

A

Strep pneumo

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14
Q

Do strep pneumo capsules stain?

A

No

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15
Q

Positive bile-solubility test

A

Strep pneumo

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16
Q

What does the Quelleng reaction do?

A

It helps you identify which serogroup of strep pneumo you’re dealing with

(Ex: patient has serotype 2 and you mix it with anti-serotype 2 serum, the cell will SWELL up)

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17
Q

What are the 2 vaccines we have for pneumococcal pneumonia

A

23-valent capsular polysaccharide vaccine = for old people

13-Valent capsular polysaccharide vaccine - for kids

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18
Q

Is klebisella part of normal flora?

A

Yes in mouth, skin and intestines

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19
Q

What is the primary virulence factor of klebsiellea?

A

Polysaccharide capsule - keeps it from getting eaten

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20
Q

Which bacteria:

Aggressive necrotizing pneumonia in the upper lobes

Usually fatal, even with treatment

A

Klebsiella

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21
Q

Currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella

22
Q

What happens when H influenzae loses its capsule

A

It becomes “non typeable” but can still cause diseases

23
Q

Has LOS

A

H influenzae

24
Q

What are the virulence factors of haemophilus influenzae

A

PRP (major)- resists phagocyt

Neuraminidase

IgA protease

Fimbriae

LOS

25
Q

what does LOS do for h influenzae?

A

Stops the mucociliary elevator

26
Q

What is the only way you can grow H influenzae on blood agar?

A

It has to be next to a B-hemolytic organism that can chew up the RBCs for it

Causes SATELLITE PHENOMONEN

27
Q

What’s the easiest way to see if your patient has h influenzae

A

ID-Latex Particle Agglutination test

Relies on antigen, not growing the super fastidious bacteria

So you can put your patients’ blood/CSF on it even if they’ve already started antibiotics

28
Q

“Fried egg” appearance on culture media

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

29
Q

How does mycoplasma disable your mucociliary escalator?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

30
Q

Why does it matter if mycoplasma has sterols in its membrane

A

It helps it disguise itself

31
Q

What organism causes tracheobrochitis (chest cold)

A

Mycoplasma

32
Q

What is the cold agglutinin assay used to test for

A

Mycoplasma

33
Q

How do you do a cold agglutinin assay to test for mycoplasma

A

Put the patients RBCs at 4 degrees Celsius and look for a the RBCs to form a circle

(It will detect IgM antibodies that bind to the I antigen on RBCs)

34
Q

Which bacteria has Elementary Bodies and Reticulate bodies

A

Chlamydia pneumo

35
Q

Which form of chlamydia infects you and which form lives inside your cells

A

Elementary bodies: infect you

Reticulate bodies: intracellular

36
Q

Can we make vaccines for chlamydia

A

No it is impossible make antibodies/vaccines due to the EB/RB lifecycle

37
Q

What is the body’s primary response to chlamydia pneumo

A

Neutrophils

You can’t make antibodies, and you can’t have long lasting immunity

38
Q

Its hard af to culture chlamdyia And it’s super tiny so how do you diagnose it

A

You look for clusters of infected host cells

39
Q

Most legionella infections are from which serogroup?

A

Serogroup 1

There are over 70

40
Q

Thin, plemorphic gram negative bacillus with very long flagellae

A

Legionella

41
Q

Chlamydia can only live INSIDE your cells. Where can legionella live?

A

Inside AND outside your cells

But it only replicates inside your cells

42
Q

What are the 2 different diseases you can get from legionella?

A

Pontiac fever- 2-5 day short illness. NOT pneumonia

Legionnaire’s disease- severe atypical pneumonia. 75% of people die

43
Q

How much tissue damage is expected with legionnaires disease

A

LARGE SCALE TISSUE DESCTRUCTION

QUICK DEATH

Fibropurulent NECROTIZING pneumonia

44
Q

Legionella bacteria can only reproduce intracellularly. How are they reproducing when they’re just in the water and not inside you

A

Inside protozoa

45
Q

Is there long lastinf immunity against legionella

A

Yes, since it does exist extracellularly, you can build up antibodies

46
Q

What are the 2 tests we an do to see if your patient has legionella

A

Buffered-charcoal yeast extract medium (gold standard.)

Rapid test for antigen in urine

47
Q

Gram negative, aerobic, motile bacillus with a single flagellum and pili

A

Pseudomonas

48
Q

What does pyocyanin do for pseudomonas

A

Makes ROS= tissue damage

49
Q

Which bacteria has A-B toxin and Elastases (LasA and LasB)

A

Pseudomonas

50
Q

Which bacteria has alginate as a virulence factor

A

Psuedomonas

Slimy thing that inhibits the mucociliary escalator AND keeps immune cells from binding to it

51
Q

Is pseudomonas considered extremely virulent

A

NO!!! It requires a SIGNIFICANT break in normal defenses

52
Q

Your patient smells like grapes, is glowing and coughing up blue-green sputum

A

Pseudomonas

Micro Exam 2 (Lauren) (5 decks)

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