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ENT > Otitis Media > Flashcards

Otitis Media Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications of otitis media?

A

Acute
Glue ear/otitis media with effusion (OME)
Chronic
Chronic suppurative OM

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2
Q

What is OME?

A

When you get effusion after symptom regression in acute phase

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3
Q

What is classified as chronic otitis media?

A

Effusion for over 3 months if bilateral, or 6 months if unilateral

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4
Q

What is chronic suppurative otitis media?

A

Ear discharge with hearing loss and evidence of central drum perforation

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5
Q

What organisms can cause otitis media?

A

Viral
Pneumococcus
Haemophilus
Moraxella

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6
Q

Who does acute OM usually present in?

A

Children post-viral URTI

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7
Q

How does acute OM present?

A

Rapid onset ear pain, sometimes presents as tugging at ear
Irritability
Anorexia
Vomiting

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8
Q

When is there purulent discharge in acute OM?

A

If the drum perforates

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9
Q

What is found on examination on acute OM?

A

Fever

Bulging, red TM

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10
Q

How is acute OM managed?

A

Paracetamol

Amoxicillin

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11
Q

What are the categories of complications of acute OM?

A

Intratemporal
Intracranial
Systemic

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12
Q

What are the intratemporal complications of acute OM?

A

OME
Perforration of TM
Mastoiditis
Facial nerve palsy

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13
Q

What are the intracranial complications of acute OM?

A

Meningitis/encephalitis
Brain abscess
Subdural or epidural abscess

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14
Q

What are the systemic complications of acute OM?

A

Bacteraemia
Septic arthritis
Infective endocarditis

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15
Q

How does otitis media with effusion present?

A

Inattention at school
Poor speech development
Hearing impairment

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16
Q

What is found on examination in OME?

A

Retracted, dull TM

Fluid level

17
Q

How is OME investigated?

A

Audiometry

18
Q

What is the prognosis of OME?

A

Usually resolves spontaneously

19
Q

How should OME be managed if there is persistent hearing loss?

A

Grommets

20
Q

What are the potential adverse effects of grommets?

A

Infections

Tympanosclerosis

21
Q

How does chronic suppurative OM present?

A

Painless discharge and hearing loss

22
Q

What are the examination findings of chronic suppurative OM?

A

TM perforation

23
Q

How is chronic suppurative OM managed?

A

Aural toilet

Abx/steroid ear drops

24
Q

What are the potential complications of OM?

A

Cholsteatoma

25
Q

What is mastoiditis?

A

Middle ear inflammation leading to destruction of the mastoid air cells and abscess formation

26
Q

How does mastoiditis present?

A

Fever
Mastoid tenderness
Protruding auricle

27
Q

How is mastoiditis investigated?

A

CT

28
Q

How is mastoiditis managed?

A

IV antibiotics

Myringotomy, with or without mastoidectomy

ENT (6 decks)

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