Otitis Media Flashcards
Gender with greatest incidence of OM?
Males
Seasons for OM?
Winter and early spring
Populations with highest rates of OM?
Alaskan, American, Indigenous Australians
Top three bugs of OM
- H. influenzae (non-typable)
- Strep pneumoniae
- Moraxella caterhallis
What typically precedes OM?
URI
Term for pus from ears?
Ottorhea
What OM causing bug typically also causes conjunctivitis?
H. Influenzae
OM that has fever, what should you suspect first?
Pneumococcal infection
What bug should you suspect if PT has bilateral OM?
H. influenzae
If PT has mastoiditis or membrane perforation, what should you suspect?
Group A strep
What is tympanometry
Test the middle ear by changing air pressures
Criteria for AOM?
- Acute history (URI)
- Bulging TM (effusion)
- Signs and symptoms (fever)
Main treatment for AOM?
Amoxicillin → Augmentin • Cephalosporins • Macrolides • E-micin • Bactrim
Main treatment for AOM?
Amoxicillin → Augmentin • Cephalosporins • Macrolides • E-micin • Bactrim
What do you use for AOM prophylaxis?
Half dose of amoxicillin or sulfisoxasole
Criteria for tympanostomy tube?
More than three infections per year and onset at a young age
How long can effusion last after OM?
Months, sometimes up to 3 months (10%). If over 4-6 months surgery might be considered
What is the main cause of OM?
Viral infection
What is a cholesteatoma?
Cholesteatoma is a type of skin cyst located in the middle ear and skull bone (mastoid).
Things that can help prevent OM?
- Staying away from smoking
- Breastfeeding
- Vaccines
- Being around fewer children
What food additive can help prevent OM?
Xylitol because it decreases a certain bug in the mouth?
