Otitis Externa Flashcards
What is otitis externa?
Inflammation of the outer ear
What does otitis externa include?
Inflammatory conditions of the auricle, external auditory canal and outer surface of the ear drum
How can otitis externa vary?
Can be local or diffuse and acute or chronic
How is the ear canal kept clean?
It is self cleaning and clears itself of debris
How is the ear canal self-cleaning?
Epithelial migration - the skin surface moves laterally from the tympanic membrane towards the ear canal opening
What is ear wax also known as?
Cerumen
What does ear wax consist of?
- Epithelial cells
- Lysozymes
- Oily secretions
What is the role of ear wax?
- Cleaning
- Lubrication
- Protection
- Inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth
- Prevent water from from reaching the canal skin
What can ear wax protect the canal from?
Bacteria, dust and insects
How does ear wax inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi?
Creates an acidic coat
How does ear wax prevent water from reaching the canal skin?
It has hydrophobic properties
Besides wax, what helps to protect the outer part of the ear canal?
Hair
What is the role of the hair in the outer part of the ear canal?
Prevent objects entering and aid desquamation and skin migration
What is the underlying pathology of otitis externa?
Disturbance of the lipid/acid balance of the ear canal
What is the most common cause of otitis externa?
Infection
What are other potential causes of otitis externa?
- Allergy
- Irritation
- Inflammatory conditions
Bacteria is responsible for what percentage of infective cases of otitis externa?
90%
Fungi is responsible for what percentage of infective cases of otitis externa?
10%
Is bacterial otitis externa usually caused by a single organism?
No, most have multiple organisms involved