Allergic Rhinitis Flashcards
What is allergic rhinitis?
Inflammation of the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air
How can allergic rhinitis be further categorised?
- Seasonal allergic rhinitis
- Perennial rhinitis
- Occupational rhinitis
When does seasonal allergic rhinitis occur?
Only at certain times of the year
If seasonal allergic rhinitis is due to pollen or grass what is it known as?
Hay fever
When does perennial rhinitis occur?
Throughout the year
What are some common allergens in perennial rhinitis?
- House dust mites
- Domestic pets
What causes occupational rhinitis?
Exposure to allergens at work
What occupational allergens can cause rhinitis?
- Flour
- Wood dust
- Latex
What immunoglobulin mediates allergic rhinitis?
IgE
What does IgE cause in response to allergen exposure?
Release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells in the nasal mucosa leading to migration of inflammatory cells
What is the most important inflammatory mediator in allergic rhinitis?
Histamine
Does allergic rhinitis have a genetic or environmental underlying cause?
Mixture of factors
What are the risk factors for allergic rhinitis?
- History of atopy
- Family history of atopy
- Exposure to common allergens
- Air pollution
- Reduced exposure to infection
- Exposure to cigarette smoke
What are the typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis?
- Sneezing
- Rhinorrhoea and nasal congestion
- Itchy nose and/or palate
- Eye symptoms
What colour is the rhinirrhoea usually in allergic rhinitis?
Clear
What does yellow rhinorrhoea suggest?
Allergy or infection
What does green rhinorrhoea suggest?
Infection