Others

Question 1

Bacterial causes of meningitis in adults, elderly and immunocompromised

Answer 1

S. Pneumoniae, L. Monocytogenes, N. Meningitidis

Question 2

difference in bacterial and viral meningitis in CSF findings (opening pressure, appearance, differential count)

Answer 2

Opening pressure: bacterial ++ viral –
Appearance: bacterial turbid viral clear
Differential count: bacterial neutrophils, viral lymphocytes

Question 3

What is a petechial rash and what does it suggest

Answer 3

Petechial rash is caused by bleeding into the skin from small vessels. It does not go disappear when you press on it. Could suggest N Meningitidis in meningitis, meningococcal septicemia.

Question 4

What is biliary colic

Answer 4

Intermittent abdo pain due to stones intermittently obstructing cystic duct and then falling back. Pain usually localised to RUQ.

Question 5

What acute cholecystisis. What sign is positive

Answer 5

An inflammation of the gallbladder due to a blockage of the cystic duct by a gallstone. Murphy’s sign.

Question 6

What conditions are associated with Charcot’s Triad (jandice, fever, RUG pain)?

Answer 6

Obstructive jaundice and ascending cholangitis.

Question 7

What are the main two causes of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 7

Gallstones (45%) and ethanol (35%)