Others Flashcards
Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT)
To ensure that high-income taxpayers do not escape federal income taxes
When a couple sells their primary residence, you can exclude how much capital gains from your income if you are single, and married jointly
$250k if you are single
$500k if you are married
criteria: primary residence for at least 2 of the past 5 years
If adviser solicitor is getting paid, they have to do what?
provide adv
provide solicitor disclosure which must be signed by the client
when they get paid, they have to be registered
Can a business property be placed into IRA?
Yes. Like a rental house … that income goes into IRA
Straddles
You don’t know if the price is gonna go up or down, so you buy both call and put to profit from the volatility.
What are 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations?
68%, 95%, 99.7%
Warrants
Warrants: option to buy shares at a slightly premium price, but with a long period (10 years). They are not sent to shareholders. They are usually attached as a sweetener.
Options vs Warrants/Rights
Options originate from exchanges, rights/warrants originate from issuer
US vs European Options
US: can exercise option at any time
European: last trading day before the expiration
Workers’ compensation
a government-mandated program that pays benefits to workers who become injured on the job
Credit spread
difference between yields of bonds with similar maturities but different ratings
Alimony tax
Before 1/1/2019: alimony is income to the recipient and tax deduction for the payor
Inflation risk vs Interest risk vs Purchasing power risk
Interest risk is related to changes in principal due to interest. But if a security can’t be traded, then there is no impact on the principal. So CD has no interest risk.
Inflation risk = purchasing power risk
Margin accounts and its minimums
You borrow money to trade
25% long
30% short
Commingling
securities that are held in a customer’s name must not be mixed with securities of the firm
When can you take money out of IRA without the 10% penalty?
A distribution from an IRA taken in equal annual amounts over the owner’s life is not subject to the 10% premature distribution penalty even if started before age 59½.
What happens to your IRA when you die?
Spouse: can roll it into their own or continue
Non Spouse:
Withdraw all the funds immediately
Open a separate inherited IRA
Withdraw over a 10 year period
Muni bonds are best fit for whom?
High tax bracket people
What type of security is best for inflation protection?
TIPS
Mid cap stocks
What do books/records mean? The two numbers …
maintained in readily accessible place for 5 years. 5 year period will run from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on the record. During the first two of the first 5 years, records be maintained in the principal office of the adviser.
How much of your capital loss can you apply against ordinary income?
$3k
Cumulative preferred
you continue to accumulate dividends even if the company stops for a while due to some difficulties. When it starts paying again, yours is accumulated.
Entanglement vs Adoption
Entanglement: material posted to social media by a 3rd party but the securities pro has helped prep for
Adoption: firm has endorsed it but played no part in its prep
Strategies: Bullet vs Ladders vs Barbells
Bullet: aiming at a target
kid ‘s fund: kid’s 8 today, target is 18, so 10 years
Today you buy a bond that matures in 10 yrs
Next year you buy one that matures in 9
Ladders
Bonds are bought at the same time but mature at different times
Barbells:
Some mature in 1 year, some mature in 10, nothing in between
ESG
environmental, social, corporate governmence
Financial leverage
A company’s ability to use long term debt to increase its return on equity. Like buying a house or borrowing money to buy a larger house. Use debt to equity ratio … if it’s 50% or higher then it’s highly leveraged.
REITS needs to have X% of its assets in real estate assets?
75%
Junk bonds
high yield bonds offered by those with low credit ratings
Wash sale – how many days?
if you sell and then buy a security within 30 days, the loss can’t be used as realized loss
What are 3 items on cash flow statement?
operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities
On the cash flow statement, what is income from interest/dividend considered as?
Operating activities
On the cash flow statement, what is purchase/sale of land/buildings considered as?
Investing activities
On the cash flow statement, what is issuing bonds or repurchase stock considered as?
Financing activities
QDRO only applies to what kind of retirement fund?
401k, not IRA
Books/records: apply for BD/IA, or Agents/IARs?
BD/IA
IA: what are the rules regarding maintaining record for website?
3 yrs. If you make a change, it restarts
Market risk = ?
Business risk = ?
Reinvestment risk = ?
Market risk = systematic risk
Business risk = single company
Reinvestment risk: a variable of interest rate risk … i buy a bond w/10% coupon, reinvest my interest at 5%
Investment Company Act of 1940
all investment companies to register w/SEC
Are wills, estates, and trusts not securities?
no
Name 2 ways to get a discount on mutual fund sales charges
Breakpoints: tiers, you get a discount
LOI: sign LOI that you’ll reach the breakpoint in a time frame
What is a minus beta?
+1.2: if SP500 moves up by 10%, this will move up by 12%
-1.2: if SP500 moves up by 10%, this will move down by 12%
Formula for alpha
[actual portfolio return - risk free rate] - [portfolio beta * (market return-risk free rate)]
Can IA registration fee be prorated?
No
What does SIPC cover?
If you own cash, they cover up to $250k cash.
If you own securities, they insure assets, not value.
Rule 144
if a married couple (individually or jointly) owns a combined 10% or more of a corporation’s voting shares, they are considered affiliates and have to file form 144 to sell
What’s great about money market fund?
Liquidity – you can write checks
Margin accounts: what happens if the client can’t be reached to satisfy the margin maintenance?
The only way to satisfy the margin maintenance call is through the liquidation of shares in the account. The broker-dealer determines which securities are to be liquidated.
What is churning?
conducting excessive transactions in a customer’s account for the purpose of generating commissions and is prohibited
Formula for working capital
working capital = CA - CL
Key here is current!
Formula for expected return
Expected return = [return of the market - risk free rate]*beta + risk free rate
In order for an individual to receive Social Security benefits based on the earnings of the ex-spouse, the couple must have been married for at least X years?
10
How are dividends taxed?
Ordinary dividends: income tax
Qualified dividends: as capital gains, max rate of 15%
Options: draw the 2 graphs for selling a call and selling a put to show max loss/gain
How do variable annuity units work?
When you buy variable annuity, you buy a fixed number of annuity units. During payout, the number of these units don’t change. The value changes.
Variable to whole life, how do you exchange?
You can exchange it, for up to 2 years after getting VLI
What does discretionary cover and don’t cover?
Covers: # of shares, what securities
Don’t cover: time and place
Covered accounts
bank accounts for personal stuff, like checking. Covered to prevent you from id theft/fraud.
What’s not allowed in IRA
Collectibles (minus some treasury coins)
Life insurance
Bonds
Who can give UTMA?
Any custodian
What does Customer Identification Program ask?
name
address
DOB
ssn
Is REITS an investment company?
no
Matched orders
manipulation – when one or more broker-dealers engage in buying and selling between themselves for the purpose of creating the misleading appearance of increased activity in a security – it’s volume manipulation
Wash trades
manipulation – manipulate a security’s price by creating an apparent interest in the security that really does not exist !!! wash sale is different from wash trades!!! Volume and price manipulation
Dividend Payout Ratio
(dividend per share) / (earnings per share)
Futures vs Forwards
Forwards are used by producers. Futures are used by speculators. That explains why such as a small percentage of futures contracts ever end with delivery.
Keogh plans
retirement plan for self-employed and owner/employees of unincorporated
Qualified plan
refers to employer sponsored plan such as 401k, pension plan, or Keogh plan. Not IRA
Direct Participation Program (DPP)
is a type of alternative investment: limited partnerships … all the economic consequences of a business to flow through to investors.
Film partnerships is an example
Can an IA can charge both advisory fee and commission?
Yes
Sell stop-limit order at 60: trades occur at 62.12, 60, 59.95, 60.06, 61
60.06
Name 3 investment objectives
Growth
Income
Preservation
Investment constraints
Time horizon
Liquidity
Taxes
Law/regs
Preferences
Comprehensive plan
a comprehensive always includes securities. So anyone advising them, whether it’s a financial planner or insurance agent, needs to be registered as IAR.
Why is S-corp not ideal for fundraising?
because it’s limited to 100 US residents
Commercial paper vs bonds
Commercial paper is short term, purpose is to meet short term liquidity needs
What exactly is Money market?
high quality, short term debt security with maturity of 1 year or less
Tactical vs Strategic
Tactical: short-term adjustments in consideration of current market conditions
Strategic: proportions of investments composing a long term investment portfolio.
Can agents register as IAR with other firms?
Yes
Wrap accounts
firm provides a group of services (asset allocation, management, executions) for a single fee
What happens to your estate if you die without a will?
state will appoint someone as admin of the estate