Others Flashcards
What is Mitosis?
The reproduction of cells to form two identical daughter cells. It produces new cells and replaces cells that are old, lost, or damaged.
What type of organism uses mitosis?
One-celled living organisms that use mitosis for asexual reproduction - creating clones of themselves.
What is cancer?
The uncontrolled and abnormal division and growth of cells.
What happens during interphase (The first stage)?
Cells grow and prepares before duplication.
What happens during Prophase? (The second phase)
The membrane around the nucleus dissolves and the DNA duplicates.
What happens during Metaphase? (The third stage)
DNA lines up along the middle.
What happens during Anaphase? (The fourth stage)
The centrioles start moving apart and pulling apart DNA pairs.
What happens during Telophase?
Two daughter cells that are identical to the mother cell are formed.
What happens during Cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm divides which creates a new cell.
True/False? Daughter cells do not have a complete set of chromosomes and these cells are called haploids.
False. Daughter cells have a complete set of chromosomes and these cells are called diploids.
What is Meiosis?
A type of cell division that produces four haploid cells out of one diploid cell. Meiosis produces cells with HALF of the DNA.
What are diploids?
A cell with its full and normal amount of DNA
What are haploids?
Cells that have half the normal amount of DNA.
What are gametes?
A sex cell (a sperm or egg)
What is gametogenesis?
The process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes.
What does Sexual Reproduction allow?
Variation within a species.
What is ovulation?
Eggs released from an ovary.
What is fertilization?
The action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. In humans in the fallopian tubes.
What is the result of fertilization?
A zygote
Remember this
Sperm + Eggs —-> Zygote —> Morula —> Blastula —> Gastula —-> Embryo —-> Fetus —-> Infant
How confident are you?
What does the zygote do in the process?
It keeps dividing until there is a dense ball of cells called morula.
What does the morula do in the process?
It gets larger and becomes hollow, now its called a blastula.
What is the Placenta?
After two weeks of fertilization, the placenta begins to form and it is fully developed by the 10th week. The placenta is the organ that provides food and oxygen and also removes waste.
What is the umbilical cord?
A tube containing blood vessels, serves as the connection between the fetus and the mother. Blood cells do not pass through the placenta. The mother’s antibodies pass to the fetus and help protect the newborn until its immune system is functioning.
What are flowers (Reproductive organs) made of?
Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
What does the ovary do in a flower?
It surrounds and protects the seeds.
What is the stigma?
Where pollen lands and pollination begins. The style connects the stigma to the ovary.
What is pollination?
Where pollen is transferred from the male structure (stamen) of one flower to the female structure (pistil/carpel) of another flower.
What is a pollen grain?
A tiny structure that contains the entire male gamete. It can be carried to other flowers by wind, insects, or small animals.
What is fertilization in flowers?
Occurs when the pollen (male gamete) fuses with the ovule (the female gamete) *Sexual Reproduction*
What is a seed and what is an embryo?
A seed is the embryo of a plant, surrounded by a food supply and encased in a protective covering. An embryo is an organism in the early stages of development.
